tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-25469716028044166562024-02-20T16:29:39.927+02:00Cecil M Hulley's Memories of ManicalandRhodesia Rememberedhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06644511584084003690noreply@blogger.comBlogger16125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2546971602804416656.post-83571452540136487562010-10-20T18:17:00.000+02:002010-10-20T19:40:06.865+02:00A1 IndexINDEX<br /><br />PREFACE : I<br /><br />ACKNOWLEDGMENTS: II<br /><br />MAP: III<br /><br />1 <a href="http://memoriesofmanicaland.blogspot.com/2010/10/1-name-and-land.html">THE NAME AND THE LAND</a>: Page 1<br />2 <a href="http://memoriesofmanicaland.blogspot.com/2010/10/2-awaiting-civilisation.html">AWAITING CIVILISATION:</a> 3<br />3 <a href="http://memoriesofmanicaland.blogspot.com/2010/10/3-arrival-in-manicaland-of-pre-pioneers.html">ARRIVAL IN MANICALAND OF THE PRE-PIONEERS:</a> Page 6<br />4 <a href="http://memoriesofmanicaland.blogspot.com/2010/10/4-rhodes-takes-his-first-look.html">RHODES TAKES HIS FIRST LOOK:</a> Page 9<br />5 <a href="http://memoriesofmanicaland.blogspot.com/2010/10/5-second-umtali.html">THE SECOND UMTALI:</a> Page 21<br />6 <a href="http://memoriesofmanicaland.blogspot.com/2010/10/6-first-treks-into-manicaland.html">FIRST TREKS INTO MANICALAND:</a> Page 28<br />7 <a href="http://memoriesofmanicaland.blogspot.com/2010/10/7-dust-settles-down.html">THE DUST SETTLES DOWN:</a> Page 43<br />8 <a href="http://memoriesofmanicaland.blogspot.com/2010/10/8-difficulties-of-bringing-railway-line.html">DIFFICULTIES OF BRINGING THE RAILWAY TO UMTALI:</a> Page 51<br />9 <a href="http://memoriesofmanicaland.blogspot.com/2010/10/9-growing-up.html">GROWING UP:</a> Page 56<br />10 <a href="http://memoriesofmanicaland.blogspot.com/2010/10/10-schools.html">SCHOOLS:</a> Page Page 61<br />11 <a href="http://memoriesofmanicaland.blogspot.com/2010/10/11-concerning-police-force-and-other.html">CONCERNING THE POLICE FORCE AND OTHER PERSONNEL GROUPS: </a> Page 64<br />12 <a href="http://memoriesofmanicaland.blogspot.com/2010/10/12-miscellany.html">MISCELLANY:</a> Page 71<br />13 <a href="http://memoriesofmanicaland.blogspot.com/2010/10/13-defence-and-war.html">DEFENCE AND WAR:</a> Page 80<br />14 <a href="http://memoriesofmanicaland.blogspot.com/2010/10/14-lest-we-forget.html">LEST WE FORGET:</a> Page 84<br />15 <a href="http://memoriesofmanicaland.blogspot.com/2010/10/15-people-who-took-part-in-growth-of.html">PEOPLE WHO TOOK PART IN THE GROWTH OF MANICALAND</a>: Page 88<br />BIBLIOGRAPHY: Page 113<br /><br /><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-weight: bold;">PREFACE</span><br /><br />I have been privileged to have been one of those who entered a new, raw country as a small boy; to have grown up with a country that was developing and expanding, also to have experienced the growing pains. It is a great experience to have known this wild land whose civilisation was started by a handful of hardy pioneers and to compare it with its development today, its cities, its great modern buildings, ambitious agricultural policy and its crowning scheme, the Kariba Dam.<br /><br />Yes, I have been privileged. I look back on the undaunted early prospectors, miners, the farmers, the B.S.A. Police, the first civil servants, the armies black and white, all of whom have added their efforts to the building of this great new country of ours.<br /><br />And yet even today, that pioneering spirit remains. We still admire all those who are braving hardships and danger.<br /><br />Certainly people today have many of the benefits of civilisation, but they still have to endure outside influences which threaten to undo all that has been accomplished. We are now at the beginning of a great new pioneering experiment to bring to all races justice and equity.<br /><br />May we preserve intact all that the brave band of pioneers struggled so hard to bring to pass. Justice for all certainly, but the responsibility of government must rest with those who have the experience and vision, in this chaotic world of ours.<br /><br /><br />Cecil M. Hulley<br /><br />II<br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS</span><br /><br />My Wife, Stella Hulley, for all her assistance.<br />My Daughter-in-Law, Pauline Hulley, for all her help<br />British South Africa Police<br />The Umtali Post<br />The Umtali Municipality Archives<br />Mr, Fred Barry<br />Mr, Binks Holland<br />Mr. D.A.L. Ross<br />Mrs, C. Bosman<br />Mr, Arthur Coleman<br />Mr, H. Coventry<br />Miss Angela Cripps<br />Mr. E. Dawson<br />Mrs. M,D. Fearne, M.B.E,<br />Mrs. E. Vowles<br />Mr. Cooper Hodgson<br />Mr. J. Camp<br />Dr. J.P.. Olivier<br />Mr. John Methuen<br />Mrs. K, van Coller<br />Mr. E, Norris<br />Dominion Convent School<br />Mr. J. Barnes<br />Mrs. Pat Smith<br />Mrs. J. Davies<br /><br />End of Index<br /><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">Recompiled, by Eddy Norris, from a copy of the booklet made available by Neill Storey. Thanks Neill.<br /><br />The recompilation was done for no or intended financial gain but rather to record the memories of Rhodesia.<br /><br />Thanks to<br />Paul Norris for the ISP sponsorship.<br />Paul Mroz for the image hosting sponsorship.<br />Robb Ellis for his assistance.</span><br /><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">Should you wish to contact Eddy Norris please mail him on <a href="mailto:orafs11@gmail.com">orafs11@gmail.com</a></span><br /></div>Rhodesia Rememberedhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06644511584084003690noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2546971602804416656.post-47842452490404123062010-10-19T11:40:00.057+02:002013-09-30T21:06:28.418+02:0015: THE PEOPLE WHO TOOK PART IN THE GROWTH OF MANICALAND<div style="text-align: justify;">
CHAPTER 15<br />
<br />
THE PEOPLE WHO TOOK PART IN THE GROWTH OF MANICALAND<br />
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<span style="font-weight: bold;">ALEXANDER, Dr. Walter : </span><br />
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Born in Scotland he arrived in Rhodesia in 1925 to take up the post of medical officer to Rezende Mine, Penhalonga, having taken the diploma in public health in 1921, and the M.D. with the European community and practised for thirty years. After taking up a course of tropical medicine in London he returned' to the Eastern Districts to resume his duties. At a later date, as a senior man in his profession, took a leading part in founding the Umtali first District Clinical Club - one of the first of its kind in Southern Rhodesia. In 1955 the Rezende Mine closed down after thirty years of service he turned to public life.<br />
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He was M.P. (Eastern) and afterwards became Speaker in the House (1959). In 1942 he married Miss Mary Wilson, sister of Sir Ian Wilson. He was decorated by the Pope in 1955 and awarded the knighthood of St. Gregory the Great for his services in the Roman Catholic Church in Southern Rhodesia. He was also chairman of the Odzi Falls Irrigation Board for thirteen years. Being a noted public figure in Manicaland, Lake Alexander is roamed in memory of him.<br />
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<span style="font-weight: bold;">AYRES, J </span>:<br />
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This early settler came to Old Umtali in 1891 as a prospector. He seems to have travelled up and down every mountain and kopje in the district, and had served with the Rhodesia Native Regiment.<br />
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<span style="font-weight: bold;">D'URBAN BARRY : </span><br />
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Mr. D'Urban Barry was born in Swellendam in 1874 and went to school there. He first came to Mashonaland in 1891, and was one of the earliest and most enterprising settlers. While still in his teens he prospected with the Barry, Lovemore and Cripps group in the Mazoe Valley - the Barry in the syndicate being his brother who came to tho country in 1890 with the Pioneer Corps.</div>
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In 1891 he went to the Cape, only to return to the Colony five years later, when he settled in Umtali district. After suffering cattle losses through rinderpest in 1896 he served with the Umtali Rifles and at the end of the hostilities he obtained his release and came back to Umtali.<br />
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A cattle man at heart he set about repairing the inroads made into his stock by importing a herd of good quality cattle from Natal in 1898, and started a dairy and transport business which grew into an auctioneer's stock sales, and general agency, the formerly well known firm of Barry & English.<br />
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Early in 1900 he married Miss Letitia Frances Albertyn, and they had ten children. In 1915 he gave up his business in favour of farming at "En Avant" near Old Umtali, and owned a very fine herd of dairy Shorthorns, all fed on fodder grown under irrigation on his farm. He was one of the instigators of tho Old Umtali Valley irrigation scheme.<br />
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About this time he became a foundation member of the Farmers' Association, the Agricultural Show Society, and the Turf Club. With the help of his wife, their home at Ev Avant became one of the most kindly and hospitable in the country, and was frequently visited by large numbers of friends.<br />
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Mr. Barry was also a Town Councillor in the early days. The Barrys are descendants of an old Norman family and the farm Ev Avant derives its name from the family motto. The South African branch of the Barrys is descended from pre-1820 settlers who landed in the Cape in the early 19th Century.<br />
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His two sons, Fred and Ben, served with distinction in the Second World War. Fred enlisted in the Southern Rhodesia Armed Forces in 1940, and joined the Southern Light Battery, served with the Cyprus Regiment in North Africa and Italy, was twice mentioned in dispatches, and finally commissioned as Major. He was chosen to represent the Rhodesian Contingent in the Victory Parade in 1946 and attended a reception at Hampton Court at the time.<br />
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Ben joined the Royal Navy in 1941 and from Simonstown was posted to H.M.S. Birmingham as'a Seaman. He served in Malta in convoys, was commissioned in 1943 and posted as liaison officer with the Italian Fleet. In 1943 he took command of his own ship - H.M.S. Nigella, in the Indian Ocean.<br />
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<span style="font-weight: bold;">MRS. I. BOSMAN :</span><br />
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She arrived in Rhodesia in 1917 during a very heavy rainy season, travelled to Melsetter in Zeederberg's coach and at Rocklands, Jan Martin's farm, she and her mother were warmly welcomed, (it is interesting to note that at this farm cheese was a source of income.) After a gruelling journey by cape cart and horseback up and down mountain slopes they arrived at their father's home. Only the barest necessities of life were available. The thatched roof leaked badly and umbrellas and raincoats had to be placed over the beds. A leopard that night took their dog from the front verandah. After many adventures Mrs. Bosman taught at several schools, finally at Mbeza Valley. She often stayed with Mr. and Mrs. English who ran a dairy near the present civic centre in Umtali. On a journey from Umtali to Melsetter there was a heavy cloud burst within tho region of Mpudzi river which, was in spate. The driver of the coach in which Mrs. Bosman was the only passenger, drove into the raging river. To prevent the hind mules from drowning the driver and his companion were obliged to jump into the torrent and cut the traces loose, whilst Mrs. Bosman hung onto the reins. The front mules eventually managed to reach the opposite stoop bank and pulled the coach out before it overturned.<br />
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<span style="font-weight: bold;">DE BEER, Billy Houlton </span>:<br />
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Grandson of the late Holton Augustus de Beer, 1895. Early Settlers held the post of First Secretary and later General Manager of the Bulawayo Board of Executors, and died in 1928.<br />
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Mr. de Beer was the son of the late Harold Ward de Beer; educated at St. Georges College, Salisbury' and Milton School, Bulawayo. In 1949 joined Southern Rhodesia Government service as a clerk of the Magistrate's Office, Bulawayo. In 1953 appointed to staff of Federal High Commissioner in London, and remained<br />
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there until 1955, when appointed Private Secretary to the Southern Rhodesian Minister of Justice and Internal Affairs. In 1956 he was appointed Assistant Public Prosecutor, Bulawayo and in 1957 appointed Assistant Magistrate, Umtali - 1964 to 1970; then Shabani and Que Que; and appointed Provincial Magistrate, Manicaland at Umtali in 1978. During this period he was a member of the Round Table, Chairman of the Dominican Convent Parent Teacher Association, on the Committee of Rhodesia Society Manicaland Branch, and together with Mr. Ken Fleming was responsible for starting a Manicaland Branch of the Pioneers' Society and was the first Secretary of the Branch. He was also a member of the Umtali Rotary Club and served on the Board of the Umtali Boys' and Girls' High Schools, as well as being Chairman of the Manicaland Branch of tho Pioneers Society.<br /><br />He married Elizabeth Ann, daughter of the late F.C. Zeederberg of Cape Town, cousin of Zeederborg Coach fame. He had two sons and three daughters.<br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">BROCK, Miss Josephine :</span><br /><br />For fifty two years a nurse in Rhodesia. In 1933 walked three hundred miles from Enkeldoorn to Beit Bridge. "If my legs would let me I'd do it again, if I thought it would help to spread the truth about Rhodesia". She was Matron to the first Hospital in Umtali, known as 'Kopje House'.<br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">BROOKING, A :</span><br /><br />Came to Rhodesia in 1894 .as a builder and contractor. His' wife followed a year later, . He built the old Court House, and Government buildings at the time when cement cost nine pounds a barrel. He owned several houses and offices in Umtali.<br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">CLARK, Miss E.M., B.A.; U.G.H.S, 1958 :</span><br /><br />Born in Scunthorpe, Lincolnshire, and educated in Scunthorpe Grammar School. Obtained her degree at the University, Sheffield. After leaving University she taught in Hull and North London before joining the service of S.R.V. Government, Salisbury. After a term at Plumtree School, she joined the staff as Deputy Headmistress to the Umtali Girls' High School in 1957 and was appointed Headmistress on the retirement of Miss M. McLaughlin in 1959.<br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">COLEMAN, Joseph W. :</span><br /><br />Came to Rhodesia in 1896 by Zeederberg's passenger coach, after serving on the Post Office at Cape Town and Macloutsi (Bechuanaland). Posted to Salisbury Posts and Telegraphs Head Office in 1900. Whilst there married Miss Hunt and afterwards transferred to Gatooma as Postmaster. Family consisted of three girls and three boys. Transferred to Umtali as Postmaster in 1920 taking over from Mr. Wallster. In 1930 transferred to Bulawayo and returned again to Umtali and retired in 1936.<br /><br />His son, Arthur, is well known in Umtali. For a while he was Organising Secretary to the Umtali Agricultural Society and took a prominent part in many other associations. He married Una Richards and she will always be remembered as a professional pianist who gave great pleasure to all her audiences.<br /><br /><span style="font-size: 85%;">Page 91</span><br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">CHALONER, George :</span><br /><br />He came to Rhodesia in 1919. Had the contrast for the first lighting and power plant for the town of Beira, also did a good deal of work for the change-over of the Rhodesia Railways from Umtali to Beira. In 1920 accepted the job of installing the first electric scheme in Umtali, the power unit consisting of two steam engines with wood burning boilers. The Mayoress, Mrs. W. J. McIntosh, officially turned on the lights on January 28th, 1922. The consulting engineer for the project was Professor Buchanan, who drew up the specifications. Umtali was the first Municipal authority to break through and specify a three phase 380 volt 50 cycle plant.<br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">COVENTRY, Harold Newton :</span><br /><br />Born in Natal 1882, and educated privately at Durban. Came to Rhodesia in 1900 and joined the Veterinary Department at Bulawayo, was transferred to Melsetter and Umtali, then went farming at Hawkshead near Penhalonga. Eventually he retired to live with his daughter, Mrs. T.C. Hulley, in the Vumba. Married Annie Rose Mabel Sophia Richardson in Natal in 1905. Had four daughters, Mrs. E.D Miles, Mrs. T.C. Hulley, Mrs. N.J. Brandon and Mrs. Borrodaile. Mr. Coventry's father was the eldest of four sons, and was a Justice of the Peace and Field Cornet. As a boy Mr. Coventry went through the siege of Ladysmith, and served through the Zulu Rebellion in 1906 in the Natal Carbineers.<br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">CRIPPS, Lionel, C.M.G. :</span><br /><br />Born in 1864, came to Rhodesia with the Pioneer Column in 1890, a trooper under Captain.Heany, and was engaged in prospecting in the Mazoe area. In response to an appeal from Colquhoun, who wanted volunteers to bolster Manicaland against the Portuguese, he set out with ten others, and Selous as a guide, for Umtali. .The one hundred and fifty mile journey took nine days and the party arrived three days after the battle of Chua Hill.<br /><br />On June 4th, with the Portuguese threat diminished, the small corps was disbanded, and in November 1891 Lionel Cripps claimed his Pioneer Rights - a 4,500 acres farm 'Cloudlands' in the Vumba Mountains. At the same time he gave the name 'Castle Beacon' to the highest point on the ridge. After this he remained one year on Cloudlands in the Vumba regaining his health.<br /><br />In 1892 he returned to Port Elizabeth, and eventually married Miss Lovemore in Cape Town on 6th April, the couple set out for Umtali borrowing a wagon, with a cook boy, drivers, leader and two horses.<br /><br />By this time the Matabele war had broken out. On arrival in Rhodesia they camped on the Gold Belt in Penhalonga. It was here in huts that their eldest son, Lionel John was born. The babe was given little chance of survival by the doctor, but Sister Emily Hewitt remained three weeks with Mrs. Cripps and the baby survived. This child happened to be the second white child born in Manicaland.<br /><br />In 1894 the Cripps family moved to the 'Park', a farm much lower than Cloudlands. Huts were built near the gum trees, which today stand at the Burma Valley turn-off. In 1895 the homestead was burnt down and everything was lost, so they moved temporarily to Old Umtali, returning to the Park only to stay a few weeks before Mr. Cannell rode out to the homestead and warned them that rebellion had broken out. Next morning preparations were made to leave.<br /><br /><span style="font-size: 85%;"> Page 92</span></div>
Mrs. Cripps described this as the most dismal and uncomfortable part of her life. It was spent in laager. After staying for a time with various friends, she and her child became ill. The doctor recommended that she return to Port Elizabeth. She did ,so, travelling by mule coach as far as Chimoyo and then by narrow gauge train to Beira. Mr. Cripps, after selling his cattle to the Imperial Government because of rinderpest (they were quickly handed over to tho butcher) followed his wife.<br />
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Their return to Rhodesia co-incided with the move to the town over the Pass, and they built themselves a wattle and daub three- roomed house on their plot (top of Allan Wilson Road), below them was Mrs. Fisher and Mr. Burnett and Major Dennison. After a year they decided to go to Cloudlands, Now they had a son to take with them and the journey took two and a half days by footpath. Because of incessant rains they did not remain there long and returned to the Park and bought the adjoining farm, "Fernhill,'' for three hundred pounds.<br />
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In 1904 Mr. Cripps was called to London for the Goldfields Company of Rhodesia. By this time they had four sons and soon after a daughter, Angela. During his absence Jack Tulloch (14 years) helped to run the farm.<br />
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In 1914 Mr. Cripps was selected M.P. for the Eastern District, and afterwards became First Speaker in the House of Assembly. His son Lionel served with the Rhodesian Forces in South West Africa and with the 2nd Rhodesia Regiment in East Africa. The other sons, being under age, ran the farm. Mr. Cripps was buried on the Vumba.<br />
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<span style="font-weight: bold;">CRAVEN, Walter, M.R.C.S. (Eng) L.R.C.P. (Lond) :</span><br />
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Medical Officer, Beira, Mashonaland and Rhodesia Railways. Educated at St. Andrews College, Grahamstown and St. Mary's Hospital, London. Came to Rhodesia in 1896 and served through the Mashona Rebellion 1896 - 1897.<br />
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DAWSON, Gerald :<br />
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Arrived in the early days and resided in Old Umtali, was a keen polo player and was responsible for the first reunion of the Pioneer and Early Settlers of Old Umtali and Manicaland in 1920. He served on the Sanitary Board for many years and finally, when a sub-committee was formed, Mr. Dawson, Mr. P.G. Smith and Mr. Hulley were appointed to draw up a petition to the Administration asking for a Municipality.<br />
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In 1914 he became the first Mayor in Umtali and served in this capacity for three years; he continued by working as a town councillor, as well as giving substantial help in the war effort. He was fifty three years old when he died, and was greatly missed.<br />
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<span style="font-weight: bold;">DAVIES, James :</span><br />
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Mr. Jimmy Davies, as he was known, arrived by sailing ship first at Cape Town and then on to Beira. After leaving the ship he joined the Rhodesia Railway Company, about 1897. The railway line was then being constructed between Beira and Umtali. After he arrived in Umtali Mr. Davies started mining at Toronto and like many others, lost all his money. He married Alice Johnson who came from the Cape to visit her elder sister, Elizabeth Norris. Later he bought Mr. Wilkies' Milling and Undertaking<br />
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business in Umtali, and lived in a brick house adjoining the mill, at the corner of Fifth Street. It was there that their seven children were born, three girls and four boys. In 1932 the mill was burnt down. Fortunately by then Mr. Davies had built another house on the opposite side of the rood. As the fire had destroyed a great deal of his machinery and maize, it was found impossible for the mill to support two families, so his elder son, Jimmy, bought the farm 'Rhine' from a German who had occupied it since 1914. Mr.. Davies has lived there ever since and Mr. James Davies, his father died in 1956.<br />
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<span style="font-weight: bold;">DOUGALL, Mrs. H. Mc :</span><br />
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President of the Women's Auxiliary of the BESL in Umtali who was given the following orders and medals - Order de la Couronne, Gore de Leopold and the Medaillo de la Reine, Elizabeth Belgian, the French Croix de Guerre, with star, the Medaille des Epidemics and the Medaille do la Societo des Secoors des Blesses Militaire from the French. She also had the Mons Star of the British Service Medal, Mrs. McDougall was the first woman to enter Bruges after the retreat of the Germans in October 1918, the first woman to enter Ghent on Armistice Day and was present at the return of the King and Queen to Brussels. The Queen of the Belgians was godmother to Mrs.. McDougall's eldest son who was taken to see her Majesty at Brussels in 1924.<br />
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<span style="font-weight: bold;">DHALAMANI, Tom :</span><br />
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Tom Dhalamani was a member of the Zulu race and was born in 1866. He was first heard of in 1889 when he was an office boy in Kimberley under Cecil Rhodes. In that year he accompanied Mr. Rudd, Thompson and Maguire to Bulawayo. He served through the campaign of 1893 and he was probably the last person on the British side to see Lobengula alive. In 1896.he took part in the engagement which resulted in the capture of Makoni. In the Boer War he was with Major Scott-Turner and Colonel Arnold. From 1915 to 1918 he served with the Rhodesian Native Regiment in East Africa.<br />
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<span style="font-weight: bold;">EICKHOFF, Charles :</span><br />
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Was Postmaster for Umtali for seven years, In 1912 bought the newspaper and stationery business and his editorship lasted twenty two years. He relinquished, control in 1934 when the business was taken over and became The Printing & Publishing Company Limited and the old name of the Umtali Advertiser was resumed.<br />
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Mr. Eickhoff played an important part in Umtali's development. ' He was one of the first eight town councillors, was Mayor from 1917 to 1919 and was prominent in civic affairs. He retired in 1921. He was closely concerned with the improvement of educational facilities in Umtali. He championed the cause of responsible government in 1914, and after the referendum in 1924 became Umtali North's member of the first Parliament under Sir Charles Coghlan, and was appointed Deputy Speaker and Chairman of the committee.<br />
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<span style="font-weight: bold;">FAIRBRIDGE, Mr. R.S. J :</span><br />
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Mr. Fairbridge and his wife Rosalie first lived in Old Umtali, then moved to the present town in 1897. Mr.. Fairbridge was a Government Surveyor and know almost every inch of the country. He was deep thinking, and he delighted to indulge in reminiscences of the<br />
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past. He wrote many articles concerning the early history of Manicaland, such as "Fort Massi Kessi, Fort Heyman", "The Machine gun of Fort Massi Kessi", "Pioneers and Early Settlers in Umtali", etc. His family consisted of Helen, Hilda and the renowned Kingsley, who become famous for his Immigration scheme. A bronze statue of Kingsley now stands at the top of the Christmas Pass over-looking Umtali. Most of Mrs. Fairbridge's life- sixty eight years - were spent under pioneer conditions. Her honeymoon was spent in a wagon and for many years she accompanied her husband on his numerous survey trips.<br />
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<span style="font-weight: bold;">FISHER, Mrs. Lily :</span><br />
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She once owned the whole of Umtali and sold it to Cecil Rhodes as a town site. She was an intrepid and charming soul. In the early days Mrs. Fisher had no transport and when she retired to the Vumba she used to walk into Umtali and back, a distance of forty miles return trip. She built her own home and was proficient in using firearms, and so was able to protect herself against aggressive intruders and wild animals. She was well known as 'Granny Fisher' to the whole of Umtali.<br />
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<span style="font-weight: bold;">FISHER, Mr. Isidor :</span><br />
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Toured Rhodesia in 1904 with a London musical show as Musical Director and Conductor. Retired and lived in Strickland Lodge. He had six children and twenty six grandchildren. When the Hon. I.D. Smith, Prime Minister of Rhodesia, came to open the new wing of the Strickland Lodge, Isidor Fisher played the piano for the ceremony. As Mr. Smith walked up the stairs he played "He's a jolly good fellow", and Mr. Smith commended him, saying "You always play the right thing at the right time!". Mr. Fisher was proud of the fact that he was the only pianist to be appointed official pianist to Government House under four different Governors.<br />
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<span style="font-weight: bold;">FLEMING, K.M., B.A. UED Umtali Boys' High School 1956 :</span><br />
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Born in Gwelo and educated at Plumtree School, he is related to Andrew Fleming, the first Government Medical Officer appointed in Rhodesia. After leaving school Mr. Fleming joined the civil service. He became interested in law and studied at Rhodes University College, subsequently changed to a teacher training course and qualified in 1935. His first appointment with the Southern Rhodesia Education Department was Chaplin School at Gwelo in 1936, and in 1938 he was teaching at his old school at Plumtree. In 1940 he came to Umtali and took over Tait House as Master in charge until 1951, when he was appointed Deputy Headmaster. In 1953 he became Headmaster of Fort Victoria school, in 1956 he returned to Umtali as Headmaster of Umtali Boys' High School. He retired in 1971 and received many presentations for his valuable and excellent work. On retirement, in conjunction with Mr. H. de Beer, he formed the Manicaland Branch of the Rhodesia Pioneers and Early Settlers Society in 1970.<br />
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<span style="font-weight: bold;">GARNER, Mr. W., B.A. :</span><br />
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1907 first Principal of the Umtali High School, arrived to assume the Headship of Umtali Public School. Mr. Garner Was Irish and a good educationist and business man. Under him the school flourished and the attendance reached seventy. After the amalgamation of<br />
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St. John's Church school and the school known as the Academy in 1909 Mr. Garner became Principal when a petition in his favour signed by all parents. He was transferred at the end of 1912.<br />
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<span style="font-weight: bold;">GLEDHILL, A.D., M.A. 1947 - 1953 :</span> <span style="font-weight: bold;"> </span><br />
Born in Yorkshire, came to Rhodesia in 1924 and obtained a post at the Salisbury Boys1 High School, (now Prince Edward's), became Deputy Head in 1935. He became a School Inspector stationed in Bulawayo. He performed valuable work as Secretary of the National Youth Council. He was Acting Chief Inspector of Schools for a short period and was then appointed to be Headmaster, Umtali Boys' High School.<br />
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<span style="font-weight: bold;">HILL, B.B., B.A., M.C., O.B.E. :</span><br />
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Born in Durham, England, during the first World War, served in several regiments including the Royal Tank Corps, where he received the Military Cross. He reached the rank of Captain; severely wounded in action. Came to Rhodesia in 1920, taught at Chaplin School for ten years before being promoted to the position of Principal of Umtali High School in 1931. In addition to sponsoring Child Welfare Associations he helped found Young Men's Clubs, Adult Education Centres and was a great supporter of the Old Borderers' Association. He was appointed one of the Trustees of the Southern Rhodesia State Lottery. He died on his son's farm, 'Leap Year', Marandellas in February 1964.<br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">HARVEY,.William Egerton :</span><br />
<br />
Mr. Harvey farmed cattle and ostriches in Vogelfontein in 1898, and when his cattle were wiped out by rinderpest, decided to come to Rhodesia.<br />
<br />
He came to Rhodesia in 1898, riding transport with Archie Harvey on the way. His wife, Mrs. G.F. Harvey, in the meantime stayed with her parents, Charles and Frances Butt, South at Gorah (a seaside resort near Kenton-on-Sea) until such time as they could embark for Beira, to rejoin her husband in Umtali.<br />
<br />
Eventually Mr. Harvey's wife and family of three arrived in Umtali, having travelled along the usual route up the Pungwe by paddle boat to Fontesville, and from there on a primitive train with open coaches and a wood burning engine, having been eaten alive with mosquitoes and held up at times when the line was under water. They were met in Umtali by Mr. Ogilvie. As soon as Mr. Egerton Harvey heard of their arrival he went to collect them. At that time the Harvey brothers were staying with Mr. and Mrs. Cripps who were then living in huts. Mrs. Harvey and her family travelled up to the Vumba in Machilas, Mrs. Harvey and Grace in one, Bill and Eva in the other, the luggage carried by porters.<br />
<br />
Once the family had regained their strength they moved to Darlington, where they lived in pole and dagga huts. These were so wet that they had to sleep in hammocks slung from,the roof. During that period Egerton helped Jansen construct a new road over the Christmas Pass, and also went out with Mr. Hulley on one of his rounds. Egerton Harvey was then offered the job of Manager of the Charter Company farm of Springfield at Tiger Kloof, which was partly in Rhodesia and partly in Mocambique.<br />
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The family lived in huts for two years, during which time two more children wore born. Unfortunately both these children died of malaria. When East Coast Fever broke out, Mr. Harvey joined the Veterinary Department under Major Jarvis, and later built a home near the Hospital (Kopje House). While they were living there two more children, girls, were born - Florence ahd Elaine. Mr. Harvey passed his first and second Law examinations and joined the Native Department and later transferred to the Magistrate's Office. When he retired in 1925 he and his family moved to Sunsetting, Vumba, which he had purchased from Mr. Lionel Cripps.<br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">HEWITT, Sister Emily :</span><br />
<br />
Married Herbert Blatch in Umtali at about the' same time as Sister Mary Sanders was married to Captain R» Nesbitt. She nursed in London in 1893, and after being persuaded to come to Rhodesia by Bishop Knight Bruce it took her seven and a half weeks to reach Umtali after some gruelling experiences. A great deal has already been written about her service to Manicaland so there is no need for repetition.<br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">HODGSON, Cooper :</span><br />
<br />
Pre-pioneer came to Rhodesia at the age of about twenty years from West Cumberland. Worked on the construction of the railway line. Started by setting up a business in Salisbury, and came back when he was in a position in Hodgson and van Riet, later changed to Hodgson & Myburgh. Mr. Cooper Hodgson died at the age of thirty eight. He was an outstanding personality and most popular. His death in the prime of life cast a gloom over Umtali. His son named Cooper, visited Umtali to see his father's grave and his birth place.<br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">HOLLAND, J.S. :</span><br />
<br />
Arrived in Beira in 1899 after working as an accountant in Port Elizabeth; salary seven pounds ten shillings per month. News from his brother in Salisbury service offering him an appointment with Messrs. Pauling & Company, Beira at a salary of twenty five pounds. Accepted and went to Beira. Was told on arrival that no one would live more than twelve months in this dorp, so was warned to get out as soon as possible. After numerous experiences, already related, he left Beira after twelve months, after Pauling & Company completed the broad gauge line and handed it over to the Rhodesia Railways, Mr.. Holland arrived in Umtali in 1900, stayed at the Paulington Hotel. After living without vegetables for over a year he was pleasantly surprised when they appeared on the table.<br />
<br />
He travelled to Salisbury to a show on one of the first cars to attempt such a journey. The road was once used by coaches in the early days and had not been travelled over for twenty five years! It was a gruelling experience which took two days as frequent enquiries had to be made as to whether they were on the right road. He started a business in 1911 in accountancy and auctioneering, the firm being Huxtable & Holland. Mr. Holland became Deputy Sheriff in 1951. His firm progressed rapidly and his son, Binks, succeeded him when he died.<br />
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<span style="font-weight: bold;">HOWELL, Captain Wilfrid, D.S.O., C.E. :</span><br />
<br />
Chief Engineer Beira - Mashonaland Railways: served through the Boer War 1899 to 1902, was severely wounded. Queen's medal five bars. King's medal and two bars. Organised and commanded Engineers Company of the S.R.V. Member of Umtali Club and Sports Club.<br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">HULLEY, T.B. (Tambudza) :</span><br />
<br />
Like so many of Rhodesia's early settlers, Mr. Huylley was born in the Cape Province of 1820 settlers' stock. He was educated at Grey's College, Bloemfontein. He took part in more than one native scrap before trekking to the Barberton district where he held the appointment of Compound Manager on the Sheba Mine. It was here that the received the name of 'Tambudza' by which he was also known in Rhodesia.<br />
<br />
Like most of the old hands he had a shot at mining before taking up the appointment of Native Commissioner at Mazoe in April 1895. After filling other appointments in Lomagundi, Salisbury and Melsetter he was appointed in June 1896 Native Commissioner Umtali District, which appointment he held till July 1902 when he was transferred to Inyanga. He was back in Umtali in 1903 as Native Commissioner and Assistant Magistrate, and after acting as Chief Native Commissioner for Mashonaland for six months was appointed Superintendent of Natives for Division III, comprising the district of Umtali, Melsetter and Inyanga, an appointment which he held till his retirement from the service in 1919.<br />
<br />
A man of wide interests he filled many positions in addition to his Native Department appointments. In 1896 he was Officer Commanding the Umtali Burghers. He was for several years the local Officer Commanding the Southern Rhodesia Volunteers and no mean performer on the range. He was a member' of the Sanitary Board, the predecessor of the present Municipal Council. He was a prominent Officer of the Sporting and Turf Club," and Tennis Club. He was the first Master of the Manica Lodge of Freemasons, and had taken high degrees in the craft. Since his retirement from the service he had considerable interest in farming affairs, particularly on his farm Shigodora' where he lived from time to time, and administratively as a member of the Executive of the R.A.U., an authority on. native affairs. He served on the Board appointed to report on native areas in connection with the Land Apportionment Bill. In later years he was the first President of the Hillside Golf and Tennis Club.<br />
<br />
Cecil Rhodes asked him and Major Scott-Turner to come to the new site of Umtali and decide on the preliminary lay-out of the town.<br />
<br />
Mr. Hulley married Josephine Coleman, daughter of Granny Coleman known as the mother of the Pioneers, a descendant of the Moodie family. They had four sons, Frank, Cecil, Eric and Tom, Frank followed in his father's footsteps and joined the Southern Rhodesia Native Department and on his retirement as Provincial Native Commissioner for the Midlands, received the Imperial Service Order in the 1948 Birthday Honours. He was an officer in the 2nd Native Regiment and served in East Africa. Cecil served in the first World War with the 2nd Rhodesian Regiment and then with the 2nd Rhodesia Native Regiment, and was a full time Police Reservist in the Second World War. Eric went overseas and was one of the first Rhodesians to join<br />
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the Flying Corps, After the war he joined the Native Department. Tom, too young to go to the First World War, continued his studies ' at school and later farmed on the family farm 'Shigadora'. Herewith a comment from Sir Robert Tredgold: "Tambudza Hulley "Who gave a long service in the Native Department, ended with a rank equivalent to the modern Provincial Commissioner. It was largely due to his personal influence that the Rebellion in the Eastern Districts assumed such limited proportions."<br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">JEFFERYS, J.H. :</span><br />
<br />
Walked up from Beira with Count Rezende in 1888, and they discovered the Rezende Mine in 1838 and the Penhalonga. Mine called after Count Penhalonga. They were the first white people to enter this part of the country.<br />
<br />
Jefferys was appointed to arrange and lead an expedition into Manicaland, and visited Chief Umtasa after arrival. He afterwards became a Mayor of Umtali. His two sons served with distinction during the First World War.<br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">KENNY, J.P.. Edward Thomas Milborough :</span><br />
<br />
Came to Rhodesia in 1891 at the age of seventeen. He joined the Mashonaland Mounted Police, was a fluent linguist, was appointed interpreter to Magistrates and to High Court in March 1895. He served in the Matabele Rebellion, was mentioned in dispatches for bravery. Mr. Kenny was the Registrar, of Natives in Salisbury in 1896, Inspector of Natives north Mazoe 1898, acting Native Commissioner Gutu, 1915. He was also the Native Commissioner at Chipinga from1920 to 1922.<br />
<br />
Mr. Kenny was an authority on native customs, and was placed second in a country-wide competition in-which all interested persons submitted papers on the customs. One of the nicknames bestowed on him by the Africans was the 'arrow thrower'. When a case is held in the Chief's Council, evidence is given and all persons present may speak or ask questions. Eventually the Chief assesses the majority opinion as to who is the guilty party, his arrow thrower then throws<br />
the spear into the ground in front of the person judged to be guilty. The nickname was given to Mr, Kenny as he was said by the people to be unerring in his judgement.<br />
<br />
He married the youngest daughter of Mrs. Marriott, had five children - Noel, Edgar, Gordon, Henry and Edith. Mr. Kenny died in 1925. His daughter Edith is married to Mr. Robert Cunliffe, the present Provincial Commissioner for Manicaland.<br />
<br />
LARK, Major F.R., J.P. :<br />
<br />
Major Lark was born in Australia in 1881, and was educated at Malvern College at the time that Lord Malvern was also a pupil. In 1902 he joined the Cape Mounted Rifles, and afterwards when he came to Rhodesia, joined the B.S.A. Police. In 1920 Major Ingham took command in Umtali district and F.R. Lark assisted him as Lieutenant. In 1921 he became District Commander of Melsetter District and was promoted to Captain, and finally before retirement became a Major. Major Lark served in the Second World War and was Commandant of an Italian Camp.<br />
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<span style="font-size: 85%;">Page 99</span><br />
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After retirement in 1921 he started the. first taxi service in Umtali with O.T. Baker and delivered the mail to Penhalonga. On one occasion he had to go to the aid of Dr. Jackson. On the return journey the car's gears went wrong, and so he was obliged to reverse practically all the way back from Melsetter. Major Lark was proud of the fact that he was able to cross the Sabi under his own steam. He managed this by deflating his tyres!<br />
<br />
Major Lark was a keen sportsman, and was one of the founder members of the Hillside Golf Club, and President of the Rugby Board in 1921. He was chosen to compete in the first Zambezi regatta in 1910 representing Rhodesia as one of the crew of four, competing with Cape Town and East London. The Rhodesian crew were originally G. Parson (later Commander of the Rhodesian Forces), F.R. Lark, H. Plumb and W. Hancock (Post and Telegraphs staff). The latter unfortunately was accused of being a professional cyclist and because of this, ruled out. A B.S.A. Policeman who had not done much rowing and lacked training was hurriedly sent to replace him and because of this the crew failed. However, in the pairs competition Parson and Lark lost only by six inches.<br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">LIVINGSTONE, M.A., M.C. UBH - 1929 :</span><br />
<br />
During the First World War he was awarded the Military Cross and was seriously wounded at Gallipoli. After a brief period of service in the Colonial Office, London, he came to Rhodesia as Second Master, Milton School, Bulawayo. In March 1922 he was appointed Headmaster, Umtali High School. He left in 1929 and was transferred to Milton Senior School 1929, and died in March 1967.<br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">LONGDEN, William Matthias (Red Buffalo) :</span><br />
<br />
Born in 1863 in South Africa and after a career as a bank clerk, fought in the Basuto War, met Kruger and had a spell in Barberton. Recruited labour for mines in the early days beyond the Limpopo when it was Gungunyana's territory. Rhodes afterwards asked him to go to Gungunyana's and remain there until recalled to try and obtain a concession. Longden went with Doyle and Harrison (trooper of the B.S.A. Police). He remained alongside Gungunyana's kraal for three months before receiving orders to return. In 1892 and again two years after this, Rhodes sent him again to Gungunyana's kraal with a subsidy to the old King, and he eventually arrived safely after an arduous trip. At the end of the Matabele War in which he served, he was sent to Melsetter, as the first Magistrate to the district, then he met the other trekkers who were led by Tom Moodie and those who followed on. In 1895 there was trouble between Rhodesia and Portuguese East Africa. Longden served with the Boundary Commission and it was finally agreed that the peaks of the Chimanimani mountain should mark the boundary. In return for his services he was granted twenty acres on which he built a residence. In 1903 he married Mary Donne, an American girl and lived to the age of 87 years.<br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">METHUEN, Colonel J.A. :</span><br />
<br />
Known as the grand old man of the Castle, a castle which he and his brother built, still standing on a kopje beside Methuen Road, an impressive building. He lived in Umtali from 1902 to 1960. The castle was guarded by field guns that were brought up by the Pioneer Column. There was a flag staff which flew appropriate flags on<br />
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national days and for distinguished visitors, both foreign and local. As a senior officer on the Western Front in the First World War he gave every assistance to his Chaplain, the well known Tubby Clayton of Toe H fame. When the Post Office officials received a letter addressed to 'Father. Christmas', the/wrote across it and reposted it 'Try Colonel Methuen!<br />
<br />
At one time Godfrey Huggins came to see him and he thought it fitting to hoist the Jolly Roger. This caused some concern to the population of Umtali when the menacing flag waved from the castle mast, and one woman hastened to the Charge Office to report the matter. "There is someone flying the Skull and Crossbones", she complained bitterly. "Tell him to remove it," "If you think we are going up there" remonstrated the police "to make a complaint to old Methuen, you are making the mistake of your life, just forget about it". Flags were not the only thing he collected. His study could easily be mistaken for an Armoury. On the floor and hanging from the walls was everything from a Roman Gladiator's sword to a Japanese machine gun. He had been collecting weapons ever since the First World War, when he spent a year In the front line and was severely wounded. "It is the safest place to be in when a war is on" he said with his usual humour.<br />
<br />
Probably the most gruesome thing in the castle was a skull on a high shelf above the Colonel's favourite chair. He laughed when asked why it was there. "It's a trick I use to discover dishonest people on my staff. When something is missing I get them all in here and ask the thief to own up. I've fixed a thread to the skull. When this is pulled the skull turns round to look into the room. It never fails. I can always tell the thief just by watching his face." "Talking about Native superstitions, do you know the castle is haunted?' Well, it is. The evil spirits come out every night. We all have some" This was a favourite joke of his.<br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">MILES, Miss Z (later Mrs. Dick Tulloch) :</span><br />
<br />
Accompanied by her brother* arrived in Old Umtali December 1895, via Beira, a very arduous journey in the early days. News in the hamlet spread when it was realised she was a teacher, and she was approached by parents. Subsequently the first school was started in a meagre pole and dagga hut in 1896. Miss Miles thought it large enough for a number of pupils on hand but not in the best state of preservation. A few tables and packing cases were provided by parents and well-wishers; a small map was attached to the wall and two foot square window was covered with a piece of calico. A Union Jack was stuck into the thatch near the ill fitting door. The parents contributed, some old text books and two slates. A homemade blackboard completed the equipment. Exercise books had to be made from trimmings left over from the Rhodesia Advertiser, better known as the Umtali Post.<br />
<br />
The school was situated near the laager, and as the Mashona Rebellion was in progress at the time, a racket was to be prepared to 'warn local inhabitants to make a hasty exit to the laager. There were seven or eight pupils.<br />
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Miss Miles moved to New Umtali in 1897 when the High Commissioner Sir Alfred Milner, gave her a grant for tables and chairs and the Government made available a wood and iron office moved from the old site. This was erected near Kopje House which was then the hospital<br />
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and the pupils numbered twenty seven. Born in Forest Hill, London, Mrs Tulloch died a grand old lady in Bulawayo in the forties. After her departure Mrs. Player Miles took over from her and taught the children until late 1898 when the American Methodist Episcopal Church opened a school which replaced that of Miss Miles.<br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">McIntosh, W.J. :</span><br />
<br />
Mayor of Umtali from 1921 to 1922. Was in partnership with Falla, hence the firm was known as McIntosh and Falla. The firm was renowned for the building of wagons and carts, the finest produced in Rhodesia. The wood and iron was shaped in the factory, including the wheels. The stream at the foot of what is now Victory Avenue was called "Blacksmiths' Spruit' and from it McIntosh collected all the water he needed in buckets. This was a great help to him when the iron rims on the wheels needed shrinking. He also undertook shoeing the Government S.R.V. horses.<br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">MCLAUGHLIN, Miss M. B.Sc. UGHS 1954 - 1958 :</span><br />
<br />
Was born in Upington, Lanarkshire, and was educated at Lawside Convent High School, Dundee and Glasgow University from where she graduated in 1923. She joined the Southern Rhodesia Education Department in 1935 and was first appointed to the staff of the Girls' High School, Salisbury. In 1938 she moved to Eveline School, Bulawayo where she taught until 1953.: In 1953 she moved to Umtali where she was was associated with A.D. Gledhill as Headmistress elect in establishing Boys' and Girls' High Schools. Miss McLaughlin became Principal of the Umtali Girls' High School in 1954 and retired in 1958.<br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">MEIKLE, John :</span><span style="font-weight: bold;"><br /></span>Mr. Meikle was born in Natal, came to Rhodesia in 1892, shortly after the entry of the Pioneer Column. He served in the Fort Victoria Defence Force during the Matabele War. He witnessed the Matabele invasion of Fort Victoria at the time when there were only thirty Europeans in the town, plus hundreds of Mashonas taking refuge there, when twenty indunas headed by Lobengula's favourite General requested that the Mashonas be handed over to be slaughtered. Mr. Meikle acted as interpreter for the Civil Commissioner. The Matabele were informed that no steps wpuld be taken until Dr. Jameson was informed. As he was in Salisbury they would have to await his arrival. Mr. Meikle stated that while they were awaiting the arrival of Dr. Jameson, the Matabele burnt down all the Mashona huts and their granaries. An indaba was held with the Indunas on Jameson's arrival and he was very firm in his attitude, giving the Matabele an hour to remove themselves across the Shashi river. The Matabele took up a position two miles away and were undecided what steps to take. The allotted time allowed to them to depart expired and the Europeans plus outsiders who had been recalled, decided to attack. Sixty mounted men made their way to the hordes of Matabele and then the order was given to charge. Nearing the Matabele they dismounted and started firing. The battle was on, but very soon the Matabele broke away and started running, and the Europeans lost a few men in the action but the Matabele suffered heavy casualties.<br />
<br />
However, when the gallant army returned home the Mashonas greeted them with enthusiasm for having saved their lives.<br />
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After this Mr. Jack Meikle was in partnership with his two brothers, Thomas and Stewart, in their successful business in Fort Victoria. In 1892 he came to Umtali (Old) and continued trading and opened up a store. Before moving to New Umtali all goods had to be transferred by ox wagon, mainly from Fort Victoria via Salisbury. This caused considerable delay and the cost of goods was exorbitant. Mr. Meikle was well rewarded for his determination to succeed. Whilst in New Umtali the railway arrived and his business prospered.<br />
<br />
Mr. Meikle took great interest in tho activities of the new township, and was one of those responsible for erecting the Pioneer Memorial by transporting a large granite slab drawn to the position where it now stands. He was also one of the founders of the Tramway Company and at one time was Mayor of Umtali. He dabbled in mining, much to his sorrow. When he withdrew from business he started farming seriously on his farm, 'Mountain Home', where he began afforestation on a commercial scale. He was fortunate as he found bauxite on the farm, the only known economic deposit in Manicaland.<br />
<br />
Mr. Meikle died on 19th June, 194.9. His contribution to the progress of Manicaland was memorable.<br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">MYBURGH, Francis Rudolph, M.L.C., J.P. :</span><br />
<br />
Deputy Sheriff, Umtali. Solicitor and-Notary; 20th July 1871 at Cape Town. Came to Rhodesia in 1897. South African Internationist 1896. Address was Myburgh & Campbell, Umtali. His father Rudolph Myburgh was a partner in the firm Myburgh & Company, Umtali.<br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">MYBURGH, H.J.E. :</span><br />
<br />
Came to Rhodesia from the Orange Free State, first settling in Melsetter, farming and trading. Owing to severe cattle diseases came to Umtali in 1896, took over the transport, forwarding and clearing business from Hodgson & van Riet and then formed the firm known as Hodgson & Myburgh. Eventually he owned the E.H.C.C., and was the Chairman of the Eastern Milling Company, Mr. Myburgh was capable of dealing with tractors, therefore undertook the transportation of timber to the Rezende mine. This was done by a tractor, steam engine, and crossing the Christmas Pass was a great achievement. He was a member of the Town Council and at one time Deputy Mayor and took a keen interest in the development of the town and district.<br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">MOODIE, Ben :</span><br />
<br />
Of the famous Moodie trek from Bethlehem to Melsetter in 1892. Melsetter being called after the village Melster in the Orkney Islands. Ben Moodie came to Rhodesia in 1883 on a short trip, after becoming a trusted friend of Lobengula who presented him with twelve slaves. In 1888 he made another hunting trip to this country and came into the district known as Melsetter. He met Cecil Rhodes in Kimberley in 1892.<br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">NIEKERK, Mrs. van :</span><br />
<br />
Came to Rhodesia in 1892 with a baby of eight months old, and a girl aged five years. Arrived at Charter and bought the farm 'Blackwoods'. From there, because of the unrest in Matabeleland, went to Salisbury and then on to Old Umtali. Dr. Jim persuaded them to come on to the Inyanga district. They travelled over the mountains and rivers, no roads or tracks. After climbing the rough<br />
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hills they found it a tedious journey. One afternoon when they reached half way up the forty mile hill, fog came down and they could go no further and had to place stones at the back wheel's of the wagon, afraid of it going back to. the bottom, whilst they tried to sleep in a hut. They had only one old Native to help them, and not knowing the language they could not understand each other, at last they : reached a certain spot and Mrs. van Niekerk said "Not a foot further do we go". They had many adventures before settling down and eventually the family lived there for sixty years.<br />
<br />
She described her quiet life with her family of eight children. When Mr. Rhodes came up on his first visit he found his cottage without doors and windows. This was soon rectified and he was very happy and loved Inyanga. He was provided with horses and he rode over the veld every day with Jack Grimmer and often used to spend the morning with the van Niekerk family, describing his schemes and plans for Inyanga, During the 1896 rebellion the family had to go to Umtali as all the men were needed.<br />
<br />
After the rebellion Mr. van Niekerk was sent around the district on reconnaissance, He managed to get through the rough country, reached Inyanga and selected a site for the Police Camp, leaving a number of men to build huts etc. On completion about twenty five men were stationed there. Mrs. van Niekerk's five grandsons were in the Second World War and she and her daughters went nursing. "I did my duty to Rhodes and feel very happy about it" were her final words.<br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">NORRIS, John :</span><br />
<br />
Born within a stone's throw of Rhodes birth place, John Norris had to seek his own living at the age of twelve years. Four years later he enlisted in the Inneskilling Dragoons and was drafted to South Africa, arriving in December 1884. He first met Rhodes in 1885. Five years later, after obtaining his discharge, he met Rhodes again and was offered a position - to accompany him with the Pioneer Column to Rhodesia.<br />
<br />
Other things intervened. Rhodes became Prime Minister of the Cape and he retained Norris on his staff. He remained at Groote Schuur till October 1896 when he was sent to inyanga to manage the . Rhodes Estates. He remained at Inyanga for four or five years and in 1907 began farming close to Umtali. There he built up a fine dairy farm before he died.<br />
<br />
Another link in the chain connecting the Colony with Cecil Rhodes was severed. But Mr. Norris in his own right had no, need of any reflected glory from his association with the founder. He loved Rhodesia in a way which few men can aspire to and he was the last person to try and make any profit out of his position. Indeed, biographies of Rhodes have done scant justice to Mr. Norris, but he was never the man to worry about that. Sir James McDonald makes some reference to him in his first book. Following news of the Jameson Raid, Rhodes had a severe heart attack.. Unknown at the time to Rhodes himself, Norris and Tony, with two Native servants, kept his life going by their skilful attention.<br />
<br />
A wide knowledge of mankind had given Mr. Norris a critical yet happy outlook on life. Not only had Rhodes, who did not make many mistakes in the men he picked, sent him to Inyanga to look after his farm there, but also took him to Turkey to select Angora goats.<br />
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Mr. Norris was much more than a valet, he was a trusted associate who never failed. He brought the same honesty to his dealings with all men, and to all the ups and downs of life. The Colony he loved so well was very much poorer for his death. He had six children, three were born at Groote Schuur, one at Rhodes Estate, one at his farm 'Placefell' in Inyanga and one in Umtali. John Norris contributed considerably to the building of Manicaland, and his passing was much regretted among the old hands who loved him deeply.<br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">NORRIS, Tom :</span><br />
<br />
He knew Cecil Rhodes well, Arrived in Cape Town in 1895 and worked for Cecil Rhodes for six and a half years at Groote Schuur and was at his house when the news of the Jameson Raid came through. Working for Rhodes brought him into close personal contact with him. He remembered that there were two staircases in Groote Schuur. If there was someone Rhodes did not want to see he, was always able to escape by the other stairs and the visitor was told that he was out.<br />
<br />
Mr. Norris left Groote Schuur in 1902 just before Rhodes' death. Worked in Kimberley but as there was a big diamond depression he came to Rhodesia. He was a carpenter on the construction of the Rezende Mine at Penhalonga in 1920. He came to Umtali and began his own firm of builders and contractors. He remembered the postal service to Penhalonga in those days. This was carried by Kingston Brothers who ran a Cape cart once a day between Penhalonga and Umtali, and when this was replaced by a car the car had to be pushed up the Pass.<br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">OGILVIE, Hollings :</span><br />
<br />
Mining Commissioner. Came from Grahamstown and was educated at St. Andrew's College. He had one child, Patricia. He was Claim Inspector 1890, Acting Mining Commissioner in 1897 and Mining Commissioner in 1898. His hobby was farming.<br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">PALMER, Estcourt Raymond Buller :</span><br />
<br />
Mr. Estcourt Palmer, a prominent Umtali farmer, son of an 1890 Pioneer, life Vice-President and Trustee of the Manicaland Agricultural Society, Director and member of numerous boards. Mr. Palmer was born in Umtali in 1900 and was educated here. He was the son of Mr. James Albert Palmer, who came to Rhodesia with the B.S.A. Police.<br />
<br />
In 1916 Mr. Palmer went to England and enlisted in the King's Royal Rifles. (60th Rifles) at the age of sixteen. He served in France during the First World War and was a Major in the West African Frontier Force during the Second World War. After the war in 1919 he started farming at Ferndale (then known as Barrydale).<br />
<br />
Mr. Palmer served on the committee of the Manicaland Agricultural Society from 1924 and later became life Vice-President and Trustee. In 1928 he married his wife, Grace, a daughter of another 1890 Pioneer, Mr. John Crawford. In the same year he captained Manicaland at rugby; he also represented Mashonaland at rifle shooting and shot for Rhodesia against the Americans at Bisley in France in 1917.<br />
<br />
Mr. Palmer was an original member of the Umtali-Odzi Road Council and a bridge over the Odzani River was named after him. He was also a past Chairman of the Umtali and District Farmers Association and attended meetings until he died. He was a former<br />
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<span style="font-size: 85%;">Page 105</span><br />
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President of the Umtali. Branch of the British Empire Service League and was a member of the Police Reserve. Mr. Palmer was awarded the O.B.E. and the I.C.D. He had two daughters, two sons and eleven grandchildren.<br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">PALMER, James Albert :</span><br />
<br />
His many medals proved that in numerous campaigns he had played a notable part. He served with the Pioneer Column, was wounded in the Jameson Raid, fought in the Rebellion, Boer War and the Great War, and was one of the best horse masters at the time in the country. His three grown-up sons and his daughters are a credit to the country. Mrs. Palmer was also an Early Settler. His son, Estcourt, distinguished himself in two World Wars. Much has already been written about Mr. Palmer in this book.<br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">POWYS-JONES, Llewelyn : </span><br />
<br />
Civil Commissioner and Magistrate, Umtali. Came to Rhodesia in 1897; transferred to Rhodesian Civil Service from Albany in 1896 as Magistrate; Bulawayo in 1897; Civil Commissioner and Magistrate in Umtali, 1906.<br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">ROBINSON, Major, D.S.O. :</span><br />
<br />
Was appointed to the service of the Southern Rhodesia Government in 1895 and travelled by Zeederberg's. coach to Salisbury from Mafeking, being drawn by oxen owing to horse sickness. During the 1896 Rebellion remained in laager at Salisbury. Then after it was over, transferred to Umtali as he put it "a little village situated near the Portuguese border". Here he spent three most pleasant years under the late Lieutenant Colonel Scott-Turner. He worked in the Magistrate's Department. When his chief went down with enteric fever he took over and had some interesting cases.<br />
<br />
One man, a Mr. Adams, known as 'Rory of the Hills', came before him again and again for being drunk and disorderly, but all the sentences he got did not reform him. Another well known old hand was Maori Brown. He was a great source of interest at the hotel where he told exciting stories of bygone days. He got the nickname when he fought against Maoris in New Zealand. There was a famous civil case in Umtali which aroused a great deal of interest and amusement. A Mr. Warwick was persuaded to have himself nominated to Parliament. His style of oratory was peculiar to say the least. He was holding forth at a meeting at, the Cecil Hotel when someone poured oil over him and tucked a feather on his head. A civil case followed after some amusing disclosures. Mr. Warwick withdrew his case. As his suit had been ruined, the hat was passed round and a new one obtained.<br />
<br />
Many amusing anecdotes wore told about the late Cecil John Rhodes. On his periodic visits to Manicaland he was pestered with complaints. One day when he was having breakfast in the open, two men came forward and grumbled about making no headway in Rhodesia, Mr. Rhodes turned to his secretary and said, "Pay these men sufficient money to take them to Beira. Go" he ordered. "We do not want men without guts in this country". Another time a man by the name of Furling asked Mr. Rhodes to give him a farm. "What experience have you had?" he asked. Mr. Furling replied "None, but I see a chance of making a success",. "If I give you a farm how would you<br />
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<span style="font-size: 85%;">Page 106</span><br />
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start?" enquired Mr. Rhodes. "I have a plough", was the answer. Mr. Rhodes then said, "Go away, Furling, go and play". In 1899 the Anglo-Boer war started and Major Robinson received a telegram from his Chief, Colonel Scott-Turner, who was stationed at that time in Kimberley, stating "application has today been made by the Military Authorities to Rhodesia for your service in a military capacity. If permission is granted come at once, (if not granted also come)". The permission was granted, so Major Robinson's sojourn in Rhodesia came to an end.<br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">SARGENT, Mr. :</span><br />
<br />
After giving a false age ho came to South Africa with the first Cape Mounted Rifles. He came to Rhodesia with the British South African Company as opposed to the B.S.A. Police. Mr. Sargent was in Salisbury for several years. Eventually he became Public Prosecutor and retired as Sub-Inspector in the B.S.A. Police.<br />
<br />
At that time the Police Station was a triangular shaped building situated in the same place as it is now. There were a few cells on one side and a flag post in the middle. A large baboon was left tied up to the other flag pole. During the afternoon the baboon protested as it was time for his drink. The Constable went out with a bottle and gave him what he required, a strong drink, which quietened him down considerably.<br />
<br />
The Native Constables were armed against lions. Mr. Sargent described the Christmas Pass road as straight up and straight down again on the opposite side, whichever way you were travelling. He also remembered how Bobby Burns, owner of the Christmas Pass Hotel, on hearing the whip.of the driver of a wagon coming up the steep mountain, would ring a ship's bell. This was to summon the Africans to fetch an extra span of oxen to help the wagon out of its difficulties!<br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">SELOUS, Frederick Courtnney :</span><br />
<br />
Left England for South Africa on 20th July, 1871, Member of the Zoological Society - made a living by elephant hunting, travelling continually all over South and Central Africa, also collecting specimens of natural history. In 1890 took service under the British South Africa Company, and acted as guide to the Pioneer Expedition to Mashonaland. He wrote several books; his recreations were football and bird nesting when young, then hunting, big game shooting, poetry, cricket, collecting specimens of natural history. Died in the Second World War whilst scouting for the 2nd Rhodesia Regiment.<br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">SIYAHAMBA, Peter C.R. :</span><br />
<br />
Siyahamba was of the Ndebele Tribe. Being a wagon driver he was able to help the Pioneers with transport when they came to the country in 1890. He was also a driver to Cecil Rhodes at one time. He came to Old Umtali in 1891, during the time Selous was surveying the road from Fort Salisbury to Fort Umtali. He remained in Umtali, and helped with the removal of old houses to the new site.<br />
<br />
His son, E. Siyahamba, was born in New Umtali and worked for Mr. van Zyl, Mr. Barry, Mr. Martin, the Premier Estate and with the construction of the Odzani furrow. He recalls how the Africans had a premonition before the country was occupied, that strangers would one day arrive and occupy Mashonaland and rule the country justly<br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: 85%;">Page 107</span><br />
<br />
and well, and save them from the hands of tyrants who were destroying the country and starving them out. So certain were they that it would come about that they went about singing a little ditty that when that time arrived they would be free from slavery, and live again. This freedom actually did take place, and the people have been led into peace and constructive living.<br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">SNODGRASS, Major Robert Graham :</span><br />
Officer Commanding Umtali District, S.R.V. Came to Rhodesia in 1890. Built first brick building in Salisbury and Umtali. Introduced first race horses into Mashonaland, Served as Lieutenant in the Matabele war 1890. Captain Salisbury Garrison in the Mashonaland Rebellion 1896-7. Brought dispatches from Bulawayo to Salisbury 1893, Hobbies - Volunteers and sport. Breeder of sheep and horses; late member of the Sanitary Board, Umtali. Chief of Caledonian Society, Umtali District. Partner with Alfred Anderson as Anderson & Snodgrass working the Kent Reef, Sambi Reef, King's Daughter and Liverpool<br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">SOFFE, Andrew Cunningham, C.B.E. :</span><br />
<br />
Son of an English Chemist, was born in Malmesbury, South Africa in 1894. After the death of his parents his early years were spent in the Marsh Memorial Homes, Cape Town. He came to Rhodesia in 1913, served with the First Rhodesia Regiment and Northern Border Column and was twice mentioned in despatches in World War 1.<br />
<br />
After over thirty years in commerce he took up farming and forestry. He started forestry in. a small way in 1925 and was Chairman of Border Forests Limited with forestry estates north of Penhalonga, Melsetter and Mocambique. Gardening was his hobby and he acquired plants from many parts of the world for his garden at Quinta da Fronteira in Mocambique this garden was subsequently donated to the then Portuguese Government who renamed it "Andrew Cunningham Soffe Nacional Perque".<br />
<br />
One of the earliest pioneers in regional planning was undoubtedly Mr. Soffe to whose reading, enterprise and ideas, the plans for development of the Eastern Districts can be attributed. He thought largely, got beyond the parochial view, and the organisation "The Eastern Districts Regional Development and Publicity Association" was a model for other districts. Believing Rhodesia's future was bound up with its heritage of soil and water, he studied America's Mr. David E. Lilienthal's Tennessee Valley 'Authority, and was largely responsible for persuading the Government to investigate the Sabi/Lundi survey.<br />
<br />
He served on the Natural Resources Board and pressed for National Parks in Rhodesia; he was the first Chairman of the Parks Committee which sponsored the Chimanimani National Park in Melsetter. His other public interests included work on the Industrial Development Commission, Umtali Agricultural Society, Automobile Association, National War Fund 1939/45, Red Cross and Toe H. He was Chairman of the Umtali Schools Advisory Council for seventeen years and the Umtali Boys' High School's new hostel which was opened in 1973, is named "Soffe House". He was awarded the C.B.E. by Her Majesty, Queen Elizabeth in 1954 for his public service.<br />
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Page 108<br />
<br />
He served as Chairman or Director of many companies including The Thomas Meikie Trust and Investment Company Limited, Rhodesia Tea Estates Limited, Umtali Board and Paper Mills Limited, Rhodesian Wattle Company Limited, Central Africa Building Society (Umtali Branch), The Timber & Wattle Growers Association and others.<br />
<br />
Mr. Soffe died in 1965 leaving a widow and three sons and a daughter by his first marriage.<br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">STRICKLAND, Arthur and -Jeannie :</span><br />
<br />
Trekked up from Greytown, Natal, to Rhodesia in 1896 with his wife Jeannie (born Meikle). They settled first in the Charter District then came to Penhalonga. Here they bought the beautiful farm 'Inodzi' from Mr. Cockerel!, and it was a common saying that 'He was the best farmer in the district and his wife the second. Whatever they touched prospered due to the skilful management and very had work. Inodzi was renowned for its hospitality to all. Lord and Lady Malvern, then Sir Godfrey and Lady Huggins, sometimes spent peaceful days there. His daughter, Thelma married Mr. Ian Wilson who became the first Speaker in the House of Assembly, and his only son, Newby, died in an accident whilst rounding up a leopard. The Stricklands made a great contribution to Manicaland when they bequeathed everything they possessed to Strickland Lodge, a haven for the aged.<br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">SUTHERLAND, J.C. :</span><br />
<br />
Mr. Sutherland, M.A., F.G.S., F.R.M.C., U.P.C., Headmaster Umtali Public School 1913 - 1921. He was a distinguished scholar and an experienced teacher. He was an Honours Graduate in Mathematics and Science, a prizeman of his University in Classics and English. He had been elected a Fellow of the Geological Society as well as a Fellow of the Meteorological Society. He arrived at. Umtali in 1913 after his resignation from the Government Service (British South Africa Company). He died in 1942.<br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">TAYLOR, Frederick John :</span><br />
<br />
Came to Rhodesia via Beira 1901. Worked for the firm of Meikles in Umtali for many years, when Mr. J. Meikle was managing his own affairs, at the time Mr. Bennett was his assistant.<br />
<br />
Mr. Fred Taylor, as he was known, became engaged to Miss Helen Mamie in 1904. When she arrived in Beira he met her there and brought her back to Umtali. They were married in the American Episcopal Methodist Church in Umtali by Mr. Bennett, the minister at that time. They started their honeymoon which was a trip to Melsetter by donkey cart, which took about ten days. On arrival, Fred Taylor became manager of Meikles and they remained there for three years.<br />
<br />
After that he went into partnership with Frank Lapham, and they took over the farm 'Cornucopia' at Rusape. The venture was not a success. East Coast Fever was rife and had practically wiped out all their cattle. As oxen were essential for ploughing this was disastrous. Fortunately game was plentiful, and Mr. Taylor, being a good sportsman, was able to supply venison whenever necessary. Leopards were also a menace, not only were they partial to dog meat but also to poultry. Dogs had to be indoors before sunset. Mr. and Mrs. Taylor were awakened one night by a commotion outside their<br />
<span style="font-size: 85%;"><br />Page 109</span><br />
<br />
bedroom window. It happened to be a bright moonlight night, and when Mrs. Taylor looked through the window there before the fowl house lay a contented leopard, with feathers strewn all around. The leopard, having eaten his fill, lay reclining, his forearm under the fowl house door, reaching out lazily to grab another bird as they frantically tried to evade his paw.<br />
<br />
Three years after attempting farming, Mr. Fred Taylor returned to Umtali and rejoined Meikles as manager when the store was located near the railway station. In 1923 he purchased Findlays Store and went into partnership with J. Nisbet, and the firm was known as Taylor & Nisbet Limited, shortened to 'T & N' by all who knew it. About this time Mr. Taylor bought what was then known as Manchester Farm on the Vumba and later changed the name to Manchester Park Gardens, now Vumba National Park. Mr. Fred Taylor bequeathed this beautiful garden to the Nation and it is now a well known tourist attraction.<br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">TAWSE-JOLLIE, Mrs. Ethel :</span><br />
<br />
A fluent and persuasive speaker, married Archibald Ross Colquhoun in 1900, the first B.S.A. Company Administrator of Mashonaland and visited Rhodesia with him in 1904. After Colquhoun's death in 1914 she flung herself into war work and shortly afterwards married Tawse-Jollie and lived on a farm in the Melsetter-Chipinga District. Was organising Secretary for the Responsible Government Association as well as many other Associations. In 1920 she waselected first woman member of the Legislative Council for the Eastern Districts.<br />
<br />
During the period of 1921-22 the Responsible Government was an important issue, and she worked hard towards it as union with the Union of South Africa was not then acceptable and the election of 1924 confirmed her constituents' faith in her. She was returned to the newly established Legislative Assembly as Junior Member for Umtali. Mrs. Tawse-Jollie was defeated when she stood as Rhodesian Party candidate for Selukwe, by Robert Gilchrist of the Reform Party. She was awarded the 0.B.E. in recognition of her services as she was the first woman, in the then British Empire, to enter Parliament.<br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">TULIP, Jack :</span><br />
<br />
Jack Tulip arrived in Umtali during 1914, having come from England where he was born. He was employed on the Rhodesia Railways as a Boiler Maker. Later, in 1920, he returned to England to bring his wife and two daughters to join him, Worked on various gold mines before settling in Umtali in 1926 where he continued to work on the railways. His favourite leisure time was spent fishing or hunting. Also played the^flute in the local band which performed in Umtali<br />
Park.<br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">TULLOCH, Alexander (Sandy) :</span><br />
<br />
Pioneer, born 1859 in Perth, Scotland, went to sea at the age of fourteen and joined the Pioneer Corps in 1890. Afterwards started prospecting, being one of the first to trek to Manicaland where he remained for the rest of his life.<br />
<br />
He served in the B.S.A. Police at Macequece, and was in the Horse Volunteers 1896 and served during the Mashona Rebellion 1896. His son, Alistair, was the first white child to be born in Mashonaland and received a special land grant from Rhodes.<br />
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<span style="font-size: 85%;">Page 110</span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">TULLOCH, Mrs. Z.M. :</span><br />
<br />
Came to Manicaland in 1895; was in the Rebellion 1896. She opened the first school in Old Umtali with twelve pupils, in a grass hut. Did excellent work and was a very notable Rhodesian.<br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">WHITEHEAD, Sir Edgar Cuthbert Freemantle :</span><br />
<br />
Came to Rhodesia from England in 1928. He entered Government service at Gwelo and later came to Umtali and bought a farm on the Vumba, which he developed, and of which he was very proud. He became a leading figure in the farming community.<br />
<br />
In 1939 he was elected to the Legislative Assembly. He supported Godfrey Huggins. He served in the Second World War and was awarded the O.B.E. After being High Commissioner in London from 1945 to 1946 he returned to Rhodesia and was re-elected to Parliament. Finally he took part in negotiations for the Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland in 1957. He became Leader of the United Federal Party in 1958 and finally became Prime Minister.<br />
<br />
He always took a great interest in Umtali and its affairs, and performed the official opening of the Umtali Civic Centre on the 7th June, 1960.<br />
<br />
During the visit of the Queen Mother and Princess Margaret to the Vumba in 1950 he showed his royal guests over his farm. When arriving at the unkept homestead, made the excuse that he was unable to allow them in because a swarm of bees had taken possession of it!<br />
<br />
Sir Edgar returned to England in 1971 where ho died.<br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">WIBBERLEY, Frederick Charles :</span><br />
<br />
District Traffic Superintendent df Rhodesia Railways. Came to the Colony in 1901. Was also member of the British Association for the advancement of Science. Was the Manager of Railways in Rhodesia, and resided in Umtali for a few years before the Railway Headquarters were transferred to Bulawayo.<br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">WYBURG, W, :</span><br />
<br />
Came to Rhodesia in 1892 by the overland road, and left by the East Coast footpath. -Afterwards returned to Umtali to make a home for his family as he reckoned this district the 'pick.' of the whole of South Africa. When working on the mines in Penhalonga in 1892 he published (in connection with Messrs. Tom Dayne and R,S. Fairbridge) a detailed 'Map of the Manika Gold Belt' showing the mines and farms around Umtali (now Old Umtali), and also the three historic forts, Fort Umtali, Fort Massi-Kessi and Fort Hayman.<br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">ZEEDERBERG, Christiaan Hendrick (Doel) :</span><br />
<br />
Mr. Zeederberg, of Swedish descent, was born in Pietermaritzburg, South Africa in I860. He was the youngest of four brothers. He was an astute businessman whose remarkable qualities stood him in good stead, and were much appreciated by Cecil Rhodes.<br />
<br />
Aided by his three brothers, in 1891 he began his first coach service, and in 1891 Rhodes asked him to consider a road service between Pietersburg and Fort Salisbury. He accepted the offer and immediately started to construct a road. This road was completed in<br />
<br />
Page 111<br />
<br />
four months. He also became responsible for tho coach service in Mashonaland, and later Matabeleland. This covered the greater part of Rhodesia.<br />
<br />
During the Anglo-Boer War 1900 Zeederberg convoyed thousands of troops through Rhodesia. In 1900 Rhodes made a coach journey from Salisbury to Umtali and was driven by Zeederberg himself.<br />
<br />
The days of coach travel lasted until the coming of the railway.<br />
<br />
In the early days Zeederberg's coaches wore renowned all over Rhodesia, especially as they were drawn by mules. They were a Godsend during tho rinderpest and East Coast Fever periods; one could always rely on tho coach reaching its destination, in spite of delays caused by rough roads and swollen rivers. To give one illustration of hazards to be overcome when travelling in such conditions, let us go along with Mrs. Fletcher who was travelling by Zeederberg coach to Rhodesia.<br />
<br />
"I thought it was so picturesque, for a start, watching the long team of mules - but imagine sitting upright for nearly a week, day and night, with a child in your arms, and one beside you, bumping through kloof and stream, through storms and swollen rivers. One night in a storm the coach had to negotiate a road which was badly washed out. The passengers alighted and stumbled through boulders and bush, keeping the coach in sight only when lightning flashed. Once in the middle of the night, the coach got stuck in a bog. Rain was falling but the driver came to the window and ordered the passengers to climb out".<br />
<br />
She tells how she and her two children lay down beside a fire, which the Africans tried to keep alight, until the coach was extracted. Then she had to change the children into dry clothes within the narrow confines of the coach. Nine travellers were boxed in a space big enough for four; the less fortunate were balanced outside among the mail bags heaped precariously on the roof.<br />
<br />
Upsets were also common, although that seems to have been the only hazard which Mrs. Fletcher escaped. A French woman has described one of these upsets when the coach hit a boulder and capsized, and the unhappy passengers on the roof came tumbling down, mixed up with mail bags and luggage. She found herself, when the dust and confusionsettled, with a fat man sitting on her face. Much to everyone's astonishment the man leapt to his feet with a scream of pain. He was ignored while everybody rushed to see what had happened to the unfortunate young foreigner.<br />
<br />
"Mademoiselle, were you hurt, too?" asked an elderly woman sympathiser.<br />
<br />
"Mais non, madame", said the French girl as she was helped to her foot, "'ee was very heavy on me, so I bite 'im".<br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">PEACOCK, Lt. Colonel E.H., D.S.O., M.C. and Bar :</span><br />
<br />
Spent many of his early years in the Burma Jungles, and ended up as a Lieutenant Colonel with the British Forces in Burma. When General Wingate's Forces went out of operation he took command.<br />
<br />
Page 112<br />
<br />
After demobilisation in 1946 he found a farm at Umtali - Fern Valley - where, with only his African boys he built what was considered an impossibility - a dam on the Dora River. As the dam was more than sufficient for his own use, he surveyed about six hundred acres of his farm and plans were drawn up, dividing this into two acre plots. So it was that the suburb now known as Fern Valley was started.<br />
<br />
It was a terrible shock to him when, owing to a heavy rainy season, the dam burst. However; he rebuilt it and it was a great success and supplied the wants of all the plot holders.<br />
<br />
He was Chairman of the Umtali Branch of the Game Protection Society, keenly interested in sport, particularly polo and tennis and when he died in 1957 his wife, Geraldine, wrote a book "The life of a Jungle Wallah", of great interest.<br />
<br />
They had two daughters, Joy and Wendy. Joy married R..N. MacLean, formerly District Commissioner of Melsetter. She was also a Senator in the last Government.<br />
<br />
End of Chapter<br />
<br />
End of Book<br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">BIBLIOGRAPHY</span><br />
<br />
Many Treks made Rhodesia: S.P. Oliver<br />
Red Buffalo: H.W.D. Longden<br />
Heritage of Rhodesia: W.D. Gale<br />
Guide to Rhodesia: Published Davie & Company, Bulawayo<br />
Official Year Book No. 2: 1924-29 Government Statistics Bureau<br />
Women in Central Africa: Compiled by Mrs. O. Gumprich<br />
This is our land: Frank Clements<br />
Some African Milestones: H.V. Varian<br />
Rhodesian Epic: T. Baxter and R.W.S. Turner<br />
South African Who's Who: 1900 Edition<br />
Rhodesiana: The Rhodesiana Society<br />
Zuro: History Society U.B.H.S., Umtali<br />
Umtali Museum Society: News letters<br />
The Borderer Jubilee Edition: Umtali Boys' and Girls High Schools 1908-1968<br />
The Pioneer: The Rhodesia Pioneers' and Early Settlers' Society<br />
All our Yesterdays: Illustrated Life Rhodesia<br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: 85%;"><span style="font-size: 100%; font-weight: bold;"><a href="http://memoriesofmanicaland.blogspot.com/2010/10/a1-index.html">Click Here To Return to Index</a></span><br /><br />Recompiled, by Eddy Norris, from a copy of the booklet made available by Neill Storey. Thanks Neill.<br /><br />The recompilation was done for no or intended financial gain but rather to record the memories of Rhodesia.<br /><br />The family of the author have given permission for ORAFs to load this booklet onto the Internet.<br />Thanks to the family and special thanks to Heather Curran.<br /><br />Thanks to<br />Paul Norris for the ISP sponsorship.<br />Paul Mroz for the image hosting sponsorship.<br />Robb Ellis for his assistance.<br /><br />Should you wish to contact Eddy Norris please mail him <a href="mailto:orafs11@gmail.com">orafs11@gmail.com</a></span><br />
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Rhodesia Rememberedhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06644511584084003690noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2546971602804416656.post-28292762944557993182010-10-18T21:14:00.007+02:002010-11-23T13:38:42.427+02:0014: LEST WE FORGETPage 84<br /><br />CHAPTER 14<br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">LEST WE FORGET</span><br /><br /><div style="text-align: justify;">Everyone has admired the majesty of the Cross Kopje war memorial standing on what was once known as Baboon Kopje in Umtali, and many have marvelled at the engineering problems involved, and the motive behind such an achievement. The feat was accomplished by an Umtali firm, Methuen Brothers, which was owned by Captain Stuart Methuen, in partnership with his brother Colonel J.A. Methuen. The brothers decided that, a memorial should be built in memory of those Africans of Rhodesia and Mocambique who had fought in East Africa with the 1st and 2nd Battalions of the Rhodesia Native Regiment - the R.N.R., and had lost their lives. Every single item of material, and every drop of water had to be carried up the steep path from below. Colonel Methuen was unable to help with the actual construction because of troublesome leg wounds and the effect of gassing in the First World War. Ho took over the managerial side of the operations and later the arrangements for the unveiling, which took place on August 30th, 1924 and was dedicated by the Right Reverend Bishop Bevan, the Chaplain for the Forces in Southern Rhodesia, and unveiled by Councillor W. Stowe, Mayor of Umtali, in 1924. Picture the scene of the unveiling! There stood the massive cross of rock and reinforced cement, thirty feet high and four feet thick, weighing an estimated fifty tons, triumphantly silhouetted against the skyline, overlooking the town.<br /></div><br /><div style="text-align: justify;">Manicaland is very grateful to the Methuen brothers, who carried the entire cost of the project for this unique and magnificent memorial; a reminder that both black and white races stood shoulder to shoulder in the conflict against a common foe.<br /></div><br /><div style="text-align: justify;">It is well to note that another War Memorial was erected in the Memorial Gardens to commemorate and represent all those from Manicaland who gave their lives in the First Great War. It was placed on what was known as the Market Square, now Memorial Gardens, adjoining Main Street, Umtali. The structure is a granite obelisk, which was quarried on the commonage, a skilful achievement at that time and greatly admired. In 1921 Prince Arthur of Connaught laid the foundation stone, and in December 1922 it was completed and unveiled by the Resident Commissioner, Major Douglas Jones. The names of those who lost their lives in action are listed on a plaque on one side of the monument; on tho other three sides was a blank which, after the Second World War, was filled with the names of those in Umtali and district who fell in 1939 - 45.<br /></div><br /><div style="text-align: justify;">A most impressive event took place here on the 26th March, 1934. The town was gay with flags and bunting for a very special occasion — the arrival of Prince George. At the entrance of the station was a magnificent archway with the following inscription, "Eastern Gate to S. Rhodesia, Welcome". Another arch, covered with flag3, evergreen and bunting was placed near the War Memorial where the Prince's first inspection was held. Mr. Moore, the Town Engineer, was responsible for supplying the blaze of coloured lights displayed nightly and also for loud speakers where necessary. A sundowner was arranged at the Club that evening for the Prince. Hon. S.M. Lanigan O'Keeffe represented the Rhodesia Government and the Mayor, Mr. J.T. Woods met the Prince at the station. Ready for his inspection at the War Memorial stood the men and women who had played their part in making<br /></div><span style="font-size:85%;"><br />Page 85</span><br /><br /><div style="text-align: justify;">Manicaland what it is today, and the Prince honoured them by inspecting them prior to others. . The organisation was conducted by the-British Service League, Lt. Colonel D.A. Methuen, D.S.C., being in command. Amongst others present were representatives of the Toc H and Toc Emmas, of which Colonel Methuen was a founder member in France. The Mutasa Band caught the Prince's fancy, with their Scottish uniforms and pipes, their equipment having been presented by Colonel Methuen. Many of the old Pioneers to be mentioned in the following chapter were present. "Erected near by", Mr. R.G. Fairbridge put it, "stands a rough, granite memorial stone in Market Square to the memory of the Pioneers and Early Settlers of Umtali". It certainly is very rough and raw, especially when compared with the cut granite pillar of severe classic form erected near by. But those of us who tackled that 'rough and raw' portion of Central Africa now known as Rhodesia, then called Mashonaland, 'in the early nineties, were rather proud of belonging to the 'rough and raw' battalion of the 'Lost Legion'. Mr. Fairbridge walked all the way up from Beira in 1891, and at the end of that journey walked along a small game path one foot wide that passed the site where the memorial now stands. Mr. Jack Meikle was responsible for finding the stone and transporting it to the site. After searching the country- side on horseback he found a suitable stone. Unearthing it, he brought up a large sledge made from the fork of a tree. A number of Africans assisted him they arrived with long poles to manipulate the stone onto the sledge. It was- necessary for Mr. Meikle to utilise two spans of oxen to take the stone on its way, and finally up Main Street. It is fitting to mention that on the 12th September each year, members of the Pioneers' and Early Settlers' Society, with their wives and families, gather here not only to lay wreaths but to celebrate the raising of the-Flag, to commemorate the first hoisting of the flag in Salisbury in 1890.<br /><br />Another memorial is-a unique monument in Penhalonga, the Nurses' Memorial. Beside it is a tree growing from the stump of the original Indaba tree of Mutassa, Chief of' the Manicas at the time of the British occupation.<br /><br />In the Main Street of Penhalonga is a large natural granite boulder which has been converted into a war monument, inscribed with the names of those from Penhalonga who gave their lives for others. It will remain a lasting memorial for all time.<br /><br />Another monument worth recording is the Turner Memorial Library in Umtali. The plate set on the wall reads; "To the honoured memory of Major Scott-Turner, 42nd Royal Highlanders (The Black Watch) who fell gallantly leading a sortie from Kimberley in the Anglo-Boer War on the 28th November, 1899".<br /><br />I herewith give a brief description of Major Scott-Turner's life. By doing so it will give you a picture of the part he played in the early days of Manicaland.<br /><br />He was a magistrate, Old Umtali 1894 - 1897, and a Foundation member and Chairman of the Umtali Library to the date of his death. It was Rhodes who offered him a post with the B.S.A. Company's administration. After accepting the offer he proceeded to Bulawayo where he met Jameson who gave him the position of magistrate at Old Umtali. He estimated that the journey there would take twenty days. While awaiting transport he wrote, "If only one had a hut to sleep in; the tent's very cold, when in bed in my tent my head is within<br /><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">Page 86</span><br /><br />three feet of the skulls and bones of Wilson's party„ which are being kept here, stored in boxes, pending arrangements being made for the memorial which Rhodes is going to erect. Feeding is indifferent, there is no milk - because all the cows have broken out of the kraal - only occasionally vegetables and very tough meat. Liquid refreshment is tea, and an occasional whisky and water. I never take the latter as they don't boil the water. It was an adventurous trip to Umtali. The dissel boom of the coach broke at the bottom of a street, and the four loading mules trailing their harness and the dissel boom, disappeared into darkness. The chief cart, drawn by eight oxen disappeared come hours later and the spanking pace of the mail was two and a half miles per hour."<br /><br /><div style="text-align: justify;"> After these highly uncomfortable, modes of transport Scott-Turner eventually reached Umtali on 3une 15th, 1894. The night after he had been sworn in someone committed suicide by cutting his throat, and in the absence of a doctor, Scott-Turner had to view the body, certify the cause of death.and hold an inquest. Another duty he was obliged to perform was to read the lesson in Church on Sunday morning and evening while the parson was away in Beira. He hoped to buy a horse at the end of the month so that he could get round his five thousand mile district! "The natives round here", he wrote, "are always raiding each others Kraals and carrying off women, and when these encounters occur a life or two is lost. It will have to be stopped somehow,. but the means at my disposal, nine police and two horses, are absolutely inadequate".<br /></div><br /><div style="text-align: justify;"> Life in Umtali was hard - no butter, no jam and no cheese and very little flour, so Umtali residents mere living on beef, carrots, rice and sweet potatoes. Scott-Turner lived in a fairly comfortable mud hut, which leaked, and messed with Mr. G.W. Farmaner, the Mining Commissioner, Mr. MacGlashen, the young police Inspector Nesbitt, and Aylen the office Clerk. The mess was run at 6/6d a day, all told.<br /></div><br /><div style="text-align: justify;"> The first mention of books took place at this house, when Mr. Albert Gray, one of the directors of the B.S.A. Company, sent them five hundred books. These books and newspapers were the nucleus of the stock of the library. Major Scott-Turner, after six months in Old Umtali, returned to the Cape to get married. When he returned to Bulawayo rinderpest was prevalent and had killed the transport oxen. Oxen were seen lying rotting in the sun and Turner writes "Stink fearful, got through it with assistance of eau de cologne and brandy!" It was a year of disaster for Rhodesia, including Manicaland, with black risings, drought, locusts and the rinderpest.<br /></div><br /><div style="text-align: justify;"> Scott-Turner was back in Umtali early in 1897, the date when the township was to be moved to its present site. He writes, "There was even a house instead of a mud hut to live in." Agreement was reached between Rhodes and the people of Umtali to move the town across the hills to its present line of rail. A condition was that the B.S.A. Company should build the magistrate a house. Rhodes increased Scott-Turner's salary to nine hundred pounds a year as he was anxious that Scott-Turner should remain on. But as much as he liked his work in Manicaland it was obviously very difficult for himto cut his link with the army. The deciding point came in mid 1898 when he was gazetted Captain and Brevet Major on 13th July.<br /></div><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">Page 87</span><br /><br />The Scott-Turners were due to leave Umtali for the Cape in 1898, but he became ill with malaria and his successor Ryk Myburgh who was with him at the time also fell victim to the same malady. There was an official farewell on February 15th, 1899 and Scott-Turner was presented with an illuminated address expressing very sincere regrets at his departure. His intentions were to go to England, but fate stepped in when the Governor of the Cape, Sir Alfred Milner, and the Chief Staff Officer advised him not to sail then as Scott-Turner would probably get command of a regiment. "The chance of my life", he put it.<br /><br />In July Scott-Turner was sent to Kimberley to lead a corps of irregulars. Some months later he was dead. He was killed on November 28th, 1899 while leading an attack on a Boer strong point near Kimberley. Tributes poured in. They came from the highest - from Queen Victoria - down to men who had served under him. Writing of a recruit the man said that he and his mates had been reluctant to serve until they saw Scott—Turner, then one of them said, "Yon is a face I like — I could follow that chap anywhere". So they all enrolled.<br /><br />In Umtali, the town he had served so well his memorial took a practical form - The Turner Memorial Library - one of which Scott-Turner would have entirely approved.<br /><br />Another memorial worthy of mention is connected with Martin's trek. It was his ambition that when his party reached Buffels nek, they would build a memorial to the honour and glory of God who had so wonderfully guided and helped them. So they erected a memorial of stones in memory of their safe arrival on the border of Gazaland. The' memorial was called Ebenhezer and the members of that party declared that once every fifty years as from 1899 they would gather on the spot to commemorate God's wonderful love and care which they had received.<br /><br />One more memorial before closing this chapter. On .a hill at the back of the Boys' High School in Umtali there is a beautiful chapel, a fountain playing not far from it, and lovely flowers growing in great profusion; what better monument to those young lads who gave their lives for their country? Here the past, present and future unite in beautiful surroundings. It is a chapel which over- looks the whole of Umtali, the Vumba Mountains and other mountains and peaks beyond. It overlooks a modern town with modern buildings, large civic centre, theatre, spacious Queen's Hall, hospitals and ideal homes surrounded by beautiful gardens, trees, shrubs and flowers. The chapel itself, unique in construction, stands triumphant on the top of a hill. It represents the past and present, for looking through the open doors a large cross can be seen above the alter, and through the large windows can be seen beyond on a lonely hill, Cross Kopje, reminding us that others, too, had died for their country. The Memorial Chapel reminds us of the battles past and battles yet to come. "Ex Montibus Robur" - "Out of the Mountains - strength", the motto of Umtali Boys' High School, and we of Manicaland, young and old, will go from strength to strength remembering "that without Vision the people perish".<br /><br />End of Chapter<br /><br /><span style="font-size:85%;"><span style="font-weight: bold;font-size:100%;"><a href="http://memoriesofmanicaland.blogspot.com/2010/10/a1-index.html">Click Here To Return to Index</a></span><br /><br />Recompiled, by Eddy Norris, from a copy of the booklet made available by Neill Storey. Thanks Neill.<br /><br />The recompilation was done for no or intended financial gain but rather to record the memories of Rhodesia.<br /><br />The family of the author have given permission for ORAFs to load this booklet onto the Internet.<br />Thanks top the family and special thanks to Heather Curran.<br /><br />Thanks to<br />Paul Norris for the ISP sponsorship.<br />Paul Mroz for the image hosting sponsorship.<br />Robb Ellis for his assistance.<br /><br />Should you wish to contact Eddy Norris please mail him <a href="mailto:orafs11@gmail.com">orafs11@gmail.com</a></span><br /></div>Rhodesia Rememberedhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06644511584084003690noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2546971602804416656.post-87269700632372123422010-10-18T14:25:00.008+02:002010-10-21T13:37:05.422+02:0013: DEFENCE AND WARCHAPTER 13<br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">DEFENCE AND WAR</span><br /><br /><div style="text-align: justify;"> In the early days Manicaland, like the rest of Rhodesia, depended entirely on the police and Volunteers for protection. As early as 1893 Dr. 3ameson proceeded to Salisbury to organise a corps of Volunteers, and in 1898 an ordinance was passed inaugurating the Southern Rhodesia Volunteers. They were organised into partly mounted and partly dismounted units at Salisbury, Umtali and Fort Victoria in Mashonaland and at Bulawayo and Gwelo in Matabeleland. In outlying districts where the population warranted it, rifle companies were formed, the members were not required to drill but to have an annual course of musketry. The S.R.V. were therefore men called out for service as a regiment, yet many members volunteered and took part in the Boer War and the Great War.<br /></div><br /><div style="text-align: justify;"> The volunteers had been functioning steadily in Manicaland from the time of the Mashona Rebellion. Major Robert Graham Snodgrass was the first Officer Commanding Southern Rhodesia Volunteers and served in the Mashona Rebellion 1896 - 1897. Captain T.B. Hulley took over from him and served as Officer Commanding for many years and then Colonel Methuen took over command. The Drill Hall, a fine building constructed in 1898, was spacious, and drilling at night was preferable as then most people were off duty. Lt. Reginald Bray was the Staff Lieutenant for the Eastern Division in 1895, He served throughout the Mashonaland Rebellion, and became an instructor to the S.R.V. in Umtali District in 1898. He was a strict disciplinarian and a good old Sergeant Major type. If orders were not obeyed the offenders were soundly trounced, regardless of rank!</div><br /><div style="text-align: justify;"> The S.R.V. were presented with at least twenty or twenty four excellent band instruments which were made full use of under the instruction of Mr. Watson, a former bandmaster, familiar with several musical instruments. He collected a number of enthusiasts in Umtali and with constant practices in the Drill Hall, licked them into shape. The result was that in a short time Umtali had a remarkably good band with eager, competent and efficient performers.<br /></div><br /><div style="text-align: justify;"> Another addition to the Volunteers was the mounted section. Those who provided their horses received payment in return for their use. The Drill Hall stables were in great demand because so many men had to come into Umtali from long distances, and stable their horses at night. Once a year combined manoeuvres were hectic, the men having to find and groom and feed their horses and turn out spick and span for parade. On one occasion the Volunteers were ordered to charge on horseback over an undulating field. Their enemy, the ant bear, had riddled the field with holes and must have been amused as horsemen were going down like ninepins in all directions! They ended up by leading their mounts to prevent broken fetlocks.<br /></div><br /><div style="text-align: justify;"> In 1920 it was decided to disband the active units of the Southern Rhodesia Volunteers and to retain the rifle companies in outlying areas. These companies were responsible for units in the towns, which were organised under the Cadre System to allow for expansion when necessary, it being assumed that those who had seen service during the Great War would be available for some time, if<br /></div><span style="font-size:85%;"><br />Page 81</span><br /><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /><div style="text-align: justify;">required, to take part in the defence of the territory. There was not a great deal of interest taken in this system of organisation.<br /><br />Cadet units were also started for youths who were over school age.<br /><br />Territorial Forces consisted of territorial active forces, and the Territorial Force Reserve. Instructors were drawn partly from the British Army and partly from the South Africa Police.<br /><br />The following were the numbers in each district:<br /><br /> A B<br />Chipinga 14 19<br />Melsetter 14 12<br />Umtali 36 52<br />Makoni 42 95<br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">FIRST WORLD WAR</span><br /><br />Cecil Rhodes, whilst staying with his old faithful friend Mr. Longden in Melsetter, predicted that war was bound to come in a few years' time, Mr. Longden, at that time, had just returned from one of his missions to Gungunyana. The Portuguese were striving to obtain Gazaland, therefore they made a complaint to the British Government, and Mr. Longden found his name being brought up in the British Parliament. One day he remarked bitterly to Rhodes: "Wedon't 'seem to do anything right". "Don't be discouraged", replied Rhodes. "It will come all right in the end. You must remember that the British Government is anxious to get a naval base, preferably at Lisbon, to prevent the German Government from getting it, because a hostile fleet between the Channel, Fleet and the Mediterranean would be disastrous in the Great War which, is bound to come in the near future. The British Government does not want to quarrel with the Portuguese. This seems to be the reason for the final arrangements of boundaries between Rhodesia and Mocambique".<br /><br />Mr. Longden, years after on his way to America, disembarked from a German ship 'General' two days before the British declared war on Germany. Opposite Buckingham Palace he joined the surging crowd that roared its loyalty to the King and Queen standing on the balcony. The inevitable took place - war was declared on the 4th August, 1914; a war which was to be the war to end all wars! It was a ruthless war, the old British Lion was unprepared and fast asleep as usual. All capable men were needed immediately and as there were no instructions to prevent anyone from leaving the country, the war prevented progress as minors, farmers, civil servants, clerks and shop assistants rushed to join the forces, thus the mines flooded, farms deteriorated and businesses dwindled.<br /><br />After intense training, regiments were on their way to one of the fronts, their first objective being German South West Africa, a campaign which lasted less than a year before the Germans were defeated. No sooner had the 1st Rhodesian Regiment returned, when the 2nd Rhodesian Regiment was formed. The rate of pay did not deter men enlisting, it being thirteen pence per day! In 1916 the Regiment arrived in German East Africa. From bitter experience and punishment they soon learnt what a formidable enemy they were fighting in Von Lettow;<br /><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">Page 82</span><br /><br />their opponent was tough, the country through which they were fighting was rough, rugged bush covered and malaria infested. This took a much greater toll of lives than German bullets. When the Rhodesians arrived off Mombasa, Von Lettow1s initial offensive into British East Africa was already grinding to a halt as their superiority in men, arms and ammunition was gradually diminishing.<br /><br />The Germans made a certain stand at Saliata, a heavily fortified hilltop in the shadow of Kilimanjaro. The Allies attacked, but were thrown back with heavy losses. Only the Rhodesians held their ground, stayed to fight rearguard action to give the main forces time to reorganise, but Colonel E.A. Capell who was the Officer Commanding, described the disaster. "Men of the two broken regiments streamed through our ranks getting to safety and yet the Rhodesians stood their ground, quietly shooting when targets offered, quietly enduring the shell fire that our guns had failed to silence." The attack on Salaita was a frontal one which was totally unnecessary. General Smuts arrived a few days later to take over all command in East Africa. He climbed a large baobab tree and after inspecting the enemy stronghold, gave it a complete go-by and outflanked it. Threatened with encirclement the Germans hurriedly left. Latema battle followed on, and was more or less a replica of Salaita. Unfortunately before nightfall the battle was not ended, and it ended up in confusion. The Germans and Rhodesians and South Africans could not see each other, and when shouting waited in order to determine whether the opponents had guttural voices or not! At daybreak patrols found that the Germans had abandoned their positions.<br /><br />The Rhodesian casualties were fifteen killed, two missing and forty three wounded. The German casualties were ten times as great. A few days later twenty six Rhodesian men were taken away in ambulances to the rear, their temperatures varying from 100º F to 104º F. Though their strength was dwindling fast the Rhodesians continued to chase Von Lettow deeper into Tanganyika. The war deteriorated into a series of short spurts, but indecisive actions. On March 29th, 1917 the badly depleted: Rhodesians. were ordered home to recuperate.<br /><br />Of the 1 038 Officers and men who hat) fought with the Regiment during its two years in East Africa, only 270 returned to the Civic Welcome in Salisbury.<br /><br />Manicaland's contribution to the First World War, like that of the rest of Rhodesia, was outstanding, in men. money and kind. At the outbreak of the war the total number of European males in the territory between the ages of fifteen and forty four did not exceed 11 000, yet excluding the police, who were retained in the country, no less than 6 613 Rhodesians, over sixty percent, were accepted for military duty. In addition to the Europeans, 2 750 Africans joined the Forces, and a platoon was attached to the King's Royal Rifles. Other units served with the Southern Rhodesia Colours, and the Rhodesia Native Regiment. Both these units penetrated far into the enemy territory of what was 'then German East Africa In the first Rhodesia Native Regiment of five hundred men, including fifty four European Officers and non-commissioned Officers, all distinguished themselves and firmly withstood numerically superior German forces.<br /><br />Just before the end of the war a mysterious disease called Spanish influenza was sweeping through countries with an appalling death rate. All precautions to prevent it from reaching Rhodesia<br /><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">End of Page 82</span><br /><br />ailed, and many members of the forces on route to their homes were held up, especially the 2nd Rhodesia Native Regiment, which lost a great number of men through the epidemic. This took place just outside Zomba, now Malawi. Throughout Manicaland the Africans were dying like flies, deserting their villages to got away from the plague. Many of them died in the veld. The Umtali hospitals were full, and the schools and Drill Hall were used for the Europeans, and the show buildings in Darlington for the Africans and non-Europeans. The epidemic spared neither the young nor the old, black nor white, and the loss of prominent citizens was heavy. It was a town of mourning. No one knows how many thousands died in the reserves, without assistance. However, after the good news of the signing of the Armistice on November 11th, our grief and mourning were forgotten and tremendous rejoicing took place; but afterwards men found it difficult to settle after four years of war.<br /><br />End of Chapter<br /><br /><span style="font-size:85%;"><span style="font-weight: bold;font-size:100%;" ><a href="http://memoriesofmanicaland.blogspot.com/2010/10/a1-index.html">Click Here To Return to Index</a></span><br /><br />Recompiled, by Eddy Norris, from a copy of the booklet made available by Neill Storey. Thanks Neill.<br /><br />The recompilation was done for no or intended financial gain but rather to record the memories of Rhodesia.<br /><br />The family of the author have given permission for ORAFs to load this booklet onto the Internet.<br />Thanks top the family and special thanks to Heather Curran.<br /><br />Thanks to<br />Paul Norris for the ISP sponsorship.<br />Paul Mroz for the image hosting sponsorship.<br />Robb Ellis for his assistance.<br /><br />Should you wish to contact Eddy Norris please mail him <a href="mailto:orafs11@gmail.com">orafs11@gmail.com</a></span><br /></div></div>Rhodesia Rememberedhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06644511584084003690noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2546971602804416656.post-78592095888214497392010-10-16T14:01:00.018+02:002010-10-21T13:37:39.080+02:0012: MISCELLANYCHAPTER 12<br /><br />MISCELLANY<br /><br /><div style="text-align: justify;"> Returning to Umtali in its early days, it will be interesting to note the gradual development.<br /></div><br /><div style="text-align: justify;"> The railways were then delivering goods, especially building materials; the more dilapidated wood and iron buildings were disappearing, and being replaced with brick ones. Bright glittering corrugated iron roofs were in evidence.<br /></div><br /><div style="text-align: justify;"> What of the population? It was gradually increasing, but not by leaps and bounds, Manicaland was still weathering the storm, and those who had staked their claims in the country were determined to remain; the spark of adventure was still evident; in times of adversity the settlers were firm and determined, awaiting events, knowing well that when the time was ripe the country would flourish; vigilance was necessary.<br /></div><br /><div style="text-align: justify;"> These early pioneers were alert to their opportunities and naturally they were misled at times. For instance, it may have been a hoax which involved Mr. Harold Coleman, a former Umtali resident, just after the turn of the century. Mr. Coleman reported that a man had arrived in Umtali saying that he was from the British Government. He recruited forty men for an expedition to central Africa, but kept the destination and the purpose of the trip a secret. There were riding tests for the applicants every day in Main Street, and Messrs. Barry and English supplied one hundred mules. Supplies for the expedition were made up into sixty pound weight packs and one hundred African porters were hired. Mr. Coleman gave up his job and joined the group, although there were nearly forty volunteers. The plan was for them to ride to Chinde on the Zambezi Delta, pick up supplies there from a ship and then head inland. The men were not informed of their destination.<br /></div><br /><div style="text-align: justify;"> The day before the departure the leader promised a month's pay in advance - that was the last that was seen of him! He paid his hotel accounts and disappeared and no one every heard of or saw him again. His disappearance was a mystery in itself, but the real puzzle was what was behind it all? The supplies were never delivered so no one lost out, but the porters had to be disbanded and many of the men who had given up their jobs could not get them back, and went to Salisbury.<br /></div><br /><div style="text-align: justify;"> Another similar hoax took place some time after. . Another man arrived in Umtali who was most enthusiastic about the country and deplored the slow progress taking place. Going plausible and attractive he was made much of, oven the bank manager succumbed to his charm. This adventurer proposed building a new modern town in the vicinity of Fern Valley, so well planned that it would be an example to other Rhodesian towns - well equipped stores, adequate hotels and modern dwelling houses. The bank manager was impressed with these schemes, and agreed to assist in every way. This now famous individual, having an option on a large area of farm land, now resided in the best room, in the hotel, he had also hired an office. Here he proceeded with his plans for his new venture, even ordering materials and engaging an architect, builder's labourers etc. When those plans had been completed this adventurous stranger saw the bank manager. He<br /></div><span style="font-size:85%;"><span style="font-size:100%;"> </span><br /></span><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:85%;"> Page 72</span><br /><div style="text-align: justify;"><br />regretted that the money he had requested from his London bank had been delayed for some unknown reason, and he then produced evidence to prove his case, so the bank manager was asked for an overdraft of three thousand pounds. This was granted after consultation with higher officials. The adventurer draw out the money and made an immediate getaway, never to be heard of again! However, these events were the talk of the town and when the dust settled, their hopes having been shattered, the inhabitants of Umtali resumed their activities as before.<br /><br />Rezende Mine was now at the peak of its production. The mining district of Umtali up to the end of 1907 had produced seven hundred and eighty two thousand, seven hundred and forty one pounds in value of gold. There were numerous small workings in the vicinity of Penhalonga. Crushing mills could be heard continuously day and night. This was all very encouraging. Far from being the usual mining camp the surroundings were picturesque, full of park-like trees and refreshing streams making their way down the mountain side. The whole surrounding district was well watered by the upper tributaries of the Odzi via Odzani, Umtali, Sakubva, Dora and Umpudzi rivers. The Odzani alone supplied water power sufficient to work the mines at Penhalonga and to irrigate a number of farms including Mountain Home and its adjoining farm, Inodzi. These farms were commenced in the early days. Mr. Jack Meikle came to Umtali in 1896. He realised the importance of afforestation on a commercial scale. Props were only one of the commodities necessary for mining. Being within reasonable distance of Rezende and Penhalonga mines it did not take long before Jack Meikle was able to supply most of their requirements. When trees were mature he put up saw mills on the farm which proved a great success. He also ran his store which he transferred from Old Umtali to the new site. It was profitable and eventually grew to be one of the largest stores in Umtali. Mr. Meikle as he said, was bitten with the mining bug, much to his regret as this depleted his earnings somewhat.<br /><br />Mr. Strickland on the other hand realised the importance of supplying not only meat, but vegetables and dairy products to the mines. He did this all on a large scale, and with irrigation on hand, was able to produce two crops & year - wheat and maize. His farm Inodzi was a show place and so picturesque that it was reproduced on the one pound notes in use for many-years. Sir Godfrey Huggins, as Prime Minister, was often to be seen at Inodzi spending a peaceful and happy respite with his good friends. Thelma, their daughter, married Ian Wilson (Strickland's manager) who was an ardent politician. He became the Speaker of the Southern Parliament and afterwards was knighted. New-by Strickland, the only son died in an accident whilst rounding up a leopard. Mrs. Strickland, who outlived the whole family, bequeathed all her money to charity. Old people in Umtali benefited by a building known to all as Strickland Lodge.<br /><br />Another project was started in the early days. This was the first large scale scheme inaugurated in Old Umtali, an Irrigation Board by Mr. E. Mcllwaine, K.C., the water court Judge of the Colony, who remarked, "It was one of the most important and encouraging developments in the agricultural policy of Southern Rhodesia". Old Umtali, the site of the first town of the district lies about twelve miles from the present town. It is situated in a picturesque well watered valley, the contour of which lends itself to the construction of irrigation furrows. Members of the Old Umtali Mission Combined with the farmers in the district in Implementing the scheme. It was a great day' when the furrow was opened.<br /><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">Page 73</span><br /><br />Mr. D' urban Barry addressed sixty or seventy local residents and visitors from Umtali, Penhalonga and Salisbury. At that time he was chairman of the Old Umtali Irrigation Board. He introduced Mr. Mcllwaine at the official opening. He was delighted to see so many friends and expressed the appreciation of the Board's excellent work performed by the officials of the Irrigation Department. In that connection Mr. Robinson's name was mentioned. He had surveyed the furrow; Major Waller was commended for his construction of the scheme. Mr. Mcllwaine stated how pleased he was that Mr. Fairbridge was present as he was the first to conceive the idea of taking water from the Odzani for the irrigation of the land stretching down the valley in front of them. As a result of his initiative the Odzani Scheme was as carried out, which embraced some one thousand six hundred acres of irrigable land. Great credit was due to him and thelate Colonel Baker, who was associated with him in the matter. It all ended with them visiting the following notable farms and the Rhodes Estate - one hundred thousand acres mainly devoted to ranching and orchards, also Mr. D'urban and Smetham's progressive properties. Before proceeding we should get a picture in our minds of what Umtali resembled at this stage.<br /><div style="text-align: justify;"><p align="justify"><br />Let us take Main Street, for instances wagons were arriving laden from Melsetter, Inyanga, Penhalonga and elsewhere and these wagons made their way up and down Main Street. There was no such thing as a macadamised road; gravelling was used where possible, ' A tram line took up the centre part of' Main Street, and the wagons, carts, etc. drawn by oxen, donkeys or horses churned up the streets at times so that it resembled a quagmire. The roads must have given everyone headaches. In front of the Umtali Club there was a depression which filled up with water One worthy member of the Club put up a notice "Swimming and paddling free of charge - bathing costumes optional".<br /><br />The Sanitary Board, which was responsible for the management of the town, had problems to contend with such as: Street lighting by paraffin lamps, and sanitation. Sewage removal was a major problem; with the flush system of today we do not realise what the nightly collection of sanitary buckets entailed. The Sanitary Board possessed a steam roller which moved at a snail's pace, and was supervised by Mr. Myburgh. This steam roller was used to harden the rough roads where possible. Mr. Myburgh was a very far-seeing man and eventually formed the well-known Hodgson & Myburgh Transport and Clearing Agency. The East Coast Fever and rinderpest had hit the country so badly and sadly depleted the trek oxen, that donkeys and mules had more or less taken their place, the former being hardier were invariably put to use. The mule being more, alive and alert was popular with Zeederberg in the early days for drawing his well known coaches, but right up to 1903 horse sickness was still rife, and mule drawn wagonettes were used to convey football teams to Penhalonga or elsewhere. In those days men's sporting hats were pith helmets, Stetsons or Boaters.<br /><br />To give an example of hotels, the Cecil Hotel was originally constructed of wood and iron with brick outer walls, erected by Brooking & Clarke in 1897 on behalf of Messrs. Snodgrass and Mitchell. The site was chosen by them because Cecil Rhodes foretold that the railway station would bo very near the site, adjacent to Park River. The hotel was visited on many occasions by Cecil Rhodes, who tethered his horse on the old hitching rail constructed of railway lines; it remains there to this day. Rhodes never slept in the hotel as he preferred solitude and camp life. Across the road from the<br /></p> <p align="justify"><span style="font-size:85%;">Page 74</span><br /></p><div style="text-align: justify;">hotel was the Stock Exchange, a double storey building. A broad path leading to it through long grass was made by tramping feet to and from the hotel. After the Stock Exchange ceased to function it became the Veterinary Department, and then after that the district police office. The building was eventually pulled down and new police offices erected on the same site. Alongside of the old Stock Exchange were the Government buildings, a long, low, spread out building with a broad verandah around it; .it housed all the Government departments, including the Court House. It was not unusual to see a long line of Africans winding up Wain Street, singing and dancing, making their way to the Native Department each carrying a gift of firewood for the Native Commissioner. The Native Commissioners combined magisterial duties, interviews with chiefs, collection of taxes and settlement of disputes. At that time the unsophisticated Africans had their own stern code, and very rigid laws, the Chiefs ensuring that they were carried out. The Head Chiefs such as Maranke, Zimunya, Umtassa and Makoni never came in contact with each other, their own section was their domain, and they strictly adhered to this rule. When it became necessary for the Native Commissioner to consult two or even three Chiefs at a time, a section of the office was sealed off into partitions and one Chief at a time was admitted into each section facing the Native Commissioner but unable to catch a glimpse of each other. Two messengers saw to it that the Chiefs were brought in one at a time, and were dismissed separately.<br /><br />The following were heads of Government departments in the early stages of Umtali:<br /></div><p align="justify"><span style="font-weight: bold;">Magistrates</span>:<br />Major Scott-Turner, Rex Myburgh, P.G. Smith, Chataway, Morkel, Powys-Jones, Yates, Pickton Miles.<br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">Native Commissioners and Assistant Magistrates:</span><br />T.B. Hulley, Elliot, Bazely.<br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">Mining Commissioner:</span><br />Ogilvie.<br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">Veterinary Department:</span><br />Jarvis, King, Coventry, Egerton-Harvey, Flinders.<br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">Interpreter in Court:</span><br />Fanie Maritz.<br /><br />On the opposite side of Main Street was a large modern building known as Phillips Building, built in 1912 (by what was thought to be an ambitious German firm). Just before the First World War the Germans were dealt with as suspects, and it was no surprise when, just before war was declared, they vanished and the Government appropriated their buildings and property. The building was used after the war as an entertainment centre and numerous balls were held there. Also on occasions it was used as a cinema by Mr. D.M. Martin, a loud speaker and gramophone supplying the background to the pictures. As regards cinemas or 'bioscopes' as they were originally called, Mr. Harry Perrem with foresight, envisaged the possibilities of the cinema as an entertainment. Gaslight operated 6mm projectors brought by travellers to Umtali but were ineffective and frequently broke down. Films were very inflammable and there was a serious risk of fire. However, this did not diminish the enthusiasm of Mr. Perrem. After investing in a small electricity plant which had just come onto the market and the requisite projector Mr. Perrem gave his first show on a tennis court in Penhalonga. The success of the show prompted him to give shows in the Masonic Hotel (now Brown's Hotel) every Saturday night, and in Penhalonga Hotel once a week. Owing to the irregularity of the mail train Mr. Perrem often arrived bock from the station without his films, to find his audience seated, singing songs and<br /><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">Page 75</span><br /><br />amusing themselves whilst awaiting him. His apologies were made and the money refunded, and his audience dispersed, looking forward to the next performance. The projector was placed in the passage-way in view of the audience and a handle regulated the speed of the films. When a break occurred fir. Perrem took off his coat and got down, intent on repairing the fault. If unable to do so, in a loud voice he would remark, "Sorry, the show is bust"! As entrance fees were 1/- or l/6d many people did not take the trouble to retrieve their money. Mr. Chris Perrem, his son, became interested in early aviation, he distinguished himself by flying to and from Britain and visited other countries with his wife, in a two seater plane. This was no mean achievement in those days when there were no proper landing grounds and everything, including petrol supplies, had to be arranged before hand. Those were dangerous and hazardous undertakings, which Mr. Perrem accomplished successfully. The landing ground in Umtali has been named after him in recognition of his exploits.<br /><br />Umtali in its advancement had to contend with numerous set backs, for instance the wild life around the town. There was no respect for it, as far as the lions and leopards were concerned, and they objected to their haunts being interfered with and became even a severe menace to town dwellers already stated a donkey was killed in Main Street in front of the Post Office, and its remains left there to be devoured later. A lion was killed at the top of the town and displayed in the Cecil Hotel bar. A young volunteer bugler living in Darlington (then in the wilds), with only a pathway surrounded by scrub, trees and long grass between his parent's home and the Drill Hall, was so terrified of lions that he blew his bugle as loudly as he could all the way to town and back!<br /><br />One night Jack Meikle walking home saw something in the moonlight. Thinking it was his neighbours big dog, he decided to frighten it, so he put the brim of his hat in his mouth and crouched forward, walking slowly. The animal stood in defiance, glaring at him. To Mr. Meikles horror, when they were within reasonable distance of each other he realised he was confronted with a lion! He had to remain in his crouching position and face the consequences. However, the lion, after glaring at him, turned tail and disappeared into the long grass.<br /><br />As there were no playing fields, residents played cricket in the streets, or football on grazed land. Most men possessed a horse or two so polo was popular and played on a level piece of ground in the present industrial area. This sport was for men only, and women spectators were discouraged, the reason being that the players became so intent on the game that a great deal of. swearing took place. On 3rd October, 1899 the following account of two polo matches took place.<br /><br />A match was played between married and single men. The former won by five goals to nothing, which speaks well for the married. The game was hot throughout, but the single men were at a disadvantage, no doubt owing to the nervousness of one or two of their ponies. The game was played more in accordance with the rules than formerly, but the married scored a few times by being off side. However, as there was no umpire it made no difference to the play and the best team won. Riding off and clubbing sticks would be practised by a few of the players, instead of waiting outside the scrum for clean shots, and passing. The teams were; Married - Palmer, Hulley, MacQueen and Myburgh Vs Yates, Lyle, Baker and Dawson. Mr. J. Palmer provided the needful (drinks).<br /><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">Page 76</span><br /><br />The last game of the season was played between the "Mother Country" and the "Colonials", Every man played for all he was worth and the ponies had anything but an easy time of it. The Colonials pressed very hard during the first part and were repeatedly stopped by the Mother Country side who at last had to accede one goal to their opponents. On change of side fortune seemed in favour of the Mother Country team after some very fast play. Eventually they won by three goals to one. The players wore wide sashes «- the suggestion of . Mr. T.B. Hulley - which was an advantage to both sides. The following were the teams! Mother Country - MacQueen, Dawson, Palmer and Baker. Colonials - Myburgh, Hulley, Lyle and Honey.<br /></p><div style="text-align: justify;"> Eventually, in 1900, 200 sq. yards of land in the park was allotted to the Umtali Amateur Athletic Association and Rhodes presented a cheque for thirty pounds for preparing park grounds, etc. There was a great deal of work involved, mostly with picks and spades, the site chosen being fairly steep (with no bulldozers to facilitate the work!). To celebrate the great achievement of being in possession of a playing field, it was decided that a fancy dress football match be held as the main opening event. This was endorsed and everybody was eager to take part, consequently it proved a great success.Practically everybody in the town was there. The S.R.V. Band which consisted of local players who were no mean performers, and hundreds of Africans arrived to witness what they considered a somewhat frivolous display. Such notable men as the Mining Commissioner, Mr. Ogilvie, Doctor Craven, the town surgeon, Mr.. Pickett, Ginger Bower, Mr. Bennet, etc. were in full fancy dress attire representing doctors, nurses, sailors, babies, waiters and naturally a clown. The Umtali Amateur Athletic Association held their Annual Sports Meeting on the ground, and this was the beginning of the playing fields which from that time have extended and become a feature of the town.<br /><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"> It was in 1900 that Cecil Rhodes ones more visited Umtali and attended a Sanitary Board meeting to discuss the maintenance of the Umtali park and water scheme to supply the locomotive work in the town's supply. In order to improve the water supply it was. agreed that a twelve million gallon dam be built at Tiger Kloof. However, evidently the project proved a failure because the funds were insufficient for the construction of the dam. Although it leaked badly, it proved adequate for the town's needs in its early stages. In 1913 when the town was gradually advancing, Sir Starr Jameson put in an appearance and asked the British South Africa Company to guarantee a bank overdraft of two thousand pounds and suggested the formation of a Municipality. The overdraft question was postponed until the town had decided in favour of a Municipality. A petition from the Ratepayers' Association was signed by seventy five percent of the property owners in favour of Umtali being declared a Municipality on January 14th, 1914. The Board decided to settle the matter by ballot.<br /></div><p align="justify"> This was held at the Court House on January 14th with one hundred and twenty, one in favour of a Municipality, a majority of sixty five. A sub-committee, Messrs. P.G. Smith, T.B. Hulley and G. Dawson were appointed to draw up the petition to the Administrator, asking for a Municipality with three wards and six councillors. The Umtali Municipal Council met for the first time on August 12th, 1914 and so the old faithful Sanitary Board, which had held their first meeting on the 2nd February, 1893 in Old Umtali, closed down and so storms ceased to exist between members.<br /><br /><span style="font-size:85%;"> Page 77</span><br /><br />It had succeeded in establishing a new town under adverse conditions, without a railway, and depending entirely on ox transport. All their records wore methodically kept right from the beginning. It is interesting to compare agendas from the first-meeting of the Sanitary Board and the first Municipal Council meeting. .<br /><br />The Sanitary Board - 2nd February, 1893. Present: Major Scott-Turner (Chairman), Captain Heyman, Harris, Lazarus, Hodgson and Crawford. Resolutions: Owners of stables, kraals and cattle sheds must remove stable litter and manure. Mr. Roger Green tendered for the supply of coffins, six pounds for white men and two pounds ten shillings for Africans, this included a blanket and digging of grave. (Accepted). Mr. Pickett was requested to find a suitable piece of ground for a graveyard. Mr. Rodwell's tender for making fifty crosses (accepted).<br /><br />Municipal Council Meet for First Time on August 12th, 1914.<br />The following members elected: Mayor G. Dawson, W.J. Hosgood, A. Laing (Deputy Mayor), D. Barry, J.H. Jefferys, C. Eickhoff, A. MacDowal, F. Webb and W.J. Mcintosh. The agenda included the shortage of water and money for housing, the drought, floods and sanitation, the possibility of a terrible European war taking place, as war clouds were forming.<br /><br />The new Municipal Council certainly had difficulties to contend with. Their first problem was the rainfall of 17,19 inches in 1915 -1916! There was not sufficient water to fill the new reservoir which had been completed, and up town people were not able to get a continuous supply. After that came unprecedented floods which damaged the Darlington bridge, and the Sakubva river completely washed away its culverts. This river frequently gave trouble and being on the lower end of the town, held up wagons and the mail and horse driven carts from Melsetter. Mr, E.E. Thurley, the park curator, reported that all young plants in the nursery were swept away.<br /><br />In the Location, quarters were principally built of packing case linings and other rough materials. The living conditions were not up to normal Native standards. The dim lighting of the streets was due to oil lamps, and the Mayor reported, "I submit it is infra dig for the Acting Town Clerk to do such work as visiting privies and backyards. His duties should be wholly administrative".<br /><br />The only highlight seems to have been that a new stretch of macadamised road from the railway gate to the top of the hospital hill was completed, but even this caused considerable trouble as ox wagons did a great deal of damage to the surface. People were getting accustomed to seeing cars on the roads. The excitement on the arrival of the first car in Umtali had now died down, but a photograph of one was being displayed in-ono of the first photographer's window, J.E. Mein. This vehicle had tall wheels and rather thin tyres. In front was a seat, and behind this the steering wheels and the driver had to look over the passengers' heads whilst driving, fit the back of the driver, evidently encased, was the engine, which seemed to take up the full length of the car. Above it was a platform for more passengers or for luggage. In the rear was placed another seat to accommodate two more passengers. To alight from that height iron steps were used. Those who were there to admire and have their photographs taken, whilst seated or standing beside the first car, were J. English, J. van Riot, Dr. Craven, Stapleton, Corduroy,<br /><br /><span style="font-size:85%;"> Page 78</span><br /><br />Kimpton, Gubbins, Chase, N.E. Dale.<br /><br />It is well to mention here the difficulties of motor travel when the roads were still at pioneer level. This story of an old timer, Mr. Harry van Collar, is worth recording. When he first came to Manicaland in 1914 there was only one car in Umtali, and this belonged to the railway doctor, (Rumour had it that thore was another vehicle in the area which was chain driven.) Returning to the country after leave in 1918, Mr. van Coller found that there were a few more cars. He decided with nine other adventurous young people, to make the hazardous trip to Melsetter in a truck, a feat which had not been attempted before. Early on Saturday afternoon the party set off, and after making good time, they camped at seven o'clock that night, seventeen miles from Umtali, At daylight the group was on its way again, and by four o'clock that afternoon they had reached Cashel where the party stopped for a while, only to see the Umtali Postal Service (a cape cart drawn by six mules) come snorting and stamping its way past. The disgrace would not have been so great, but for the fact that the post had only left Umtali early that morning! Feeling greatly deflated the hardy group continued its journey, but eventually admitted defeat when, the worthy chariot rebelled against the slopes of Tom Hope's Pass and wheezed to a protesting halt. Around they turned and two days later, that being the time for the return journey, they arrived safely in Umtali, having failed to reach Melsetter. They succeeded in one thing though terrorising half the Africans in the area who had never before seen such a contraption!<br /><br />The trip to Odzi, it seems, was even more eventful. Mr. van Coller. recalled leaving Umtali early in the morning and reaching the Odzi River late that night. Standard equipment when travelling was a spade, an axe and an African assistant, the purpose of which should be quite apparent!<br /><br />Another incident related by Mr. van Coller was about a dance held in Umtali. The proud possessor of a Model T Ford (disguised with a Rolls Royce radiator and bonnet) arrived at a dance and parked his car. A party of lads took the opportunity of examining the steering wheel of the Model T Rolls Royce, and set the vehicle in motion. Around and around it travelled in circles, attracting so much attention that eventually the dance floor emptied. Groups stood outside, deliberating and suggesting means of stopping the runaway, to no avail. Eventually, shoulders shrugging, everybody returned to their dancing, leaving the machine to its own devices, which is about as cruel in these days of setting a modern computer to work out the value of 1 x 1 x 1, recurring, and leaving it until it blows its computerised brain.<br /><br />It is well to record the account of the first reunion of the Old Timers of Manicaland, which took place after a lapse of a quarter of a century. This was held in the Cecil Hotel in September 21st, 1920, and reads as follows: "This reunion proved to' be a fait accompli" thanks to Mr. G.E.F. Dawson and his small committee of Old Timers. Absentees - Mr. Sandy Tulloch, Mr. Fairbridge, Mr. Crawford, Mr. McAdam, Mr. Ogilvie and Jack Patterson. The assembly met in the afternoon and a photograph was taken comprising sixteen men and six women, A dinner and dance had been arranged. Thirty four people attended the dinner, "But ye Gods, let it not be told in the shades of Old Umtali or the Christmas Pass, that when the soup had been brought up, one Old Timer looked at his neighbour and enquired 'What about it? Do you see what I cannot see? There is not a glass on the whole of the table!"' However, after protests the matter was<br /><br /><span style="font-size:85%;"> Page 79</span><br /></p><p align="justify">soon put right and everything went smoothly with the telling of jokes and reminiscences and dwelling in the past. The Chairman and pre-pioneer, Mr. Jefferys, proposed the Toast to the Old Timers; - it was replied to by Mr. D'urban Barry. Mr. G.F, Dawson gave the Toast to the ladies and Mr. Howatt and Mr. Strachan enthusiastically sponsored this. The Toast to the Mayor was undertaken by the Chairman and replied to by the Mayor himself, Councillor J. Meikle. After this the young descendants joined tho party. Mrs. J. Livingstone and Mrs. Bates entertained the appreciative gathering with songs and recitations and Mr. Livingstone and Mr. D.M. Mitchell provided some amusing anecdotes of the past. After this tho tables were removed and some of the Old Timers showed that they were capable of competing with the young.<br /><br />The following were presents;<br /><br />Mrs. Barry, Mrs. Cromas, Mrs. Bain, Mrs. Caughlon, Mrs. Strachan, Mrs. Dawson, J.H. Jefferys (Chairman), Mrs. Jefferys, Mr. J. Meikle (Mayor), Mr. D. Livingstone, Mrs. Blatch.<br /><br />Old Timers:<br />C.R. Caughlon, J. Cromar, M. Burn, W. Strachan, Norman Rutherford, Mrs. Paterson, Mrs. Fairbridge, E.M. Webster, J. Nesbitt, Mrs. Nesbitt, A. Howatt, J.A. Palmer, D.M. Mitchell, E.H. Compton Thomson, G.F. Dawson.<br /><br />Wives of Settlers:<br />Mrs..Meikle (Mayoress), Mrs. Howatt, Mrs. Young, Mrs. Livingstone, Mrs. Bates.<br /><br />End of Chapter<br /><br /><span style="font-size:85%;"><span style="font-weight: bold;font-size:100%;" ><a href="http://memoriesofmanicaland.blogspot.com/2010/10/a1-index.html">Click Here To Return to Index</a></span><br /><br />Recompiled, by Eddy Norris, from a copy of the booklet made available by Neill Storey. Thanks Neill.<br /><br />The recompilation was done for no or intended financial gain but rather to record the memories of Rhodesia.<br /><br />The family of the author have given permission for ORAFs to load this booklet onto the Internet.<br />Thanks top the family and special thanks to Heather Curran.<br /><br />Thanks to<br />Paul Norris for the ISP sponsorship.<br />Paul Mroz for the image hosting sponsorship.<br />Robb Ellis for his assistance.<br /><br />Should you wish to contact Eddy Norris please mail him <a href="mailto:orafs11@gmail.com">orafs11@gmail.com</a></span><br /></p> </div></div></div>Rhodesia Rememberedhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06644511584084003690noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2546971602804416656.post-55632960580476052792010-10-13T20:14:00.015+02:002010-10-21T13:38:06.962+02:0011: CONCERNING THE POLICE FORCE AND OTHER PERSONNEL GROUPSCHAPTER 11<br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">CONCERNING THE POLICE FORCE AND OTHER PERSONNEL GROUPS</span><br /><br /><div style="text-align: justify;"> In the first place it is very essential that we pay tribute to the B.S.A. Police Force for the great part they have played in the advancement of Manicaland. Their dauntless spirit and fearless acceptance of stressful periods have helped our land through times of adversity.<br /></div><br /><div style="text-align: justify;"> All this has stood them in good stead, and the Rhodesian community has always regarded the Force with great respect. Their competence undoubtedly emanates from discipline and the desire to preserve the tradition of the renowned B.S.A. Police Force.<br /></div><br /><div style="text-align: justify;"> Let us consider the formation of the B.S.A. Police. In 1889 when the newly formed B.S.A. Company came into existence, six hundred men were enlisted on a military basis for the protection of civilians under Lieutenant Colonel Pennefather. These men eventually became the nucleus of the Force. The first records published in the Official Year Book on the Colony of Southern Rhodesia offers the following . information as regards Manicaland during the period. 1924 - 1928.<br /></div><br /><div style="text-align: justify;"> There were two officers in the District Police of Umtali, nine N.C.O's, eighteen troopers and sixty six African Police. The town police had one officer, eight N.C.O's and twenty troopers and constables and thirty eight African Police. The Criminal Investigation Department for the whole of Rhodesia had four officers, twenty seven N.C.O's, six detectives, and forty one African Police. The rate of pay for First Class Warrant Officers on application was three hundred and eighty five pounds per annum. After three years, four hundred pounds prr annum. Second Class Warrant Officers three hundred and sixty pounds to three hundred and seventy five pounds per annum! A Sergeant-Major received three hundred and thirty six to three hundred and fifty pounds per annum, Sergeants three hundred to three hundred and fifty pounds per annum, Corporals two hundred and sixty to two hundred and eighty' pounds per annum and Troopers one hundred and fifty pounds, for the first year, one hundred and sixty eight pounds for the second year and after ten years two hundred and forty pounds per annum.<br /></div><br /><div style="text-align: justify;"> Apart from what has already been written about the B.S.A. Police, in its early stages and its outstanding contribution towards the making of the country of ours, I must say a little more about the B.S.A. Police's unbroken record of devoted service.<br /></div><br /><div style="text-align: justify;"> In 1896 Philip George Stockley became Sub-Inspector of Umtali District, while Randolph Nesbitt V.C. .became Inspector of Melsetter District, and on 17th December 1896 he became Inspector and took over command of troops in Umtali. However, Inspector Stockley was a keen sportsman, and he appears in a photograph of old Umtali cricketers of 1895. He was then a Lieutenant. Previous to this there seems to be no record of those in command in the early days. It was early in 1896 that we hear of the police having to deal with an unusual incident. A Hottentot named William Kuba, fraudulently collected tax money from the Africans in the Inyanga District, for which he was issuing written receipts. As he was known to be armed, it was feared he would resist arrest. A detachment of police led by Inspector John de Gray Birch was sent out to arrest him, and tho Native Commissioner,<br /></div><br /><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:85%;">Page 65</span><br /><br />Mr. T.B. Hulley who was well acquainted with the district, also accompanied the party from Umtali. The rivers were in flood and the only method of crossing them was to swim over, alongside one's horse. However, de Gray Birch could not swim, and when the detachment arrived at the Odzani, a very formidable and swift running river when in spate, he determined, as he was in charge, to get to the opposite bank. After the party was secure on the other side all the bridles were joined together and de Gray Birch was tied round the waist to the end of the improvised rope, and was pulled across. This was managed with difficulty as in the process of being dragged, the party pulling at the opposite end had to run down the bank whilst doing it. Unfortunately, they ran into trouble as there was a tributary in their way and they fell into it. When all had recovered they grabbed hold of the reins once more and started pulling. De Gray Birch was still attached to the other end! He was eventually landed on the opposite bank, half drowned and in need of artificial respiration. Eventually, after reaching Inyanga, William Kuba's movements were secretly and suspiciously watched until one night the hut in which he lived was surrounded in the early hours of the morning when Mr. Hulley entered the hut alone and found William asleep with a loaded rifle and revolver next to him. Mr. Hulley drew his own revolver and said Come along William, we want you" and William replied, "Good God. Bassie, is dat you?" It transpired that William had been a farm hand on a farm near Grahamstown where Mr. Hulley had spent a good deal of his boyhood. Also, Mr. Hulley had taught William to read and write. This, unfortunately, enabled him to issue receipts for his illicit tax collection. He had hidden all the money and refused to reveal the hiding place.<br /><br />He was sentenced to fifteen years imprisonment at the Cape Town breakwater gaol, but during the bubonic plague outbreak in 1902 he did such good work, that he was reprieved. Later it was learnt that he was once again in the Umtali district and the Magistrate's Court interpreter, Tom Dhliamini was detached to ply William with drink at to tell where he had hidden the money. Tom Dhliamini , after an absence of three days, appeared with a terrific hangover and ruefully admitted that Williams head was stronger than his own! Needless to say, by that time William Kuba had disappeared and he was not heard of again.<br /><br />There is no doubt that during the rainy season as there no bridges, the police faced great difficulties when on patrols. The OC's insisted that the horses received every care. One trooper remarked that the powers that be were more concerned about their horses than they were of the men. The orders were that should a horse die through illness or drowning, or through an accident while on patrol, a detailed report was necessary and with the report must be the horse's hoof cut off from the animal, bearing its number which was branded on the hooves of all police horses.<br /><br />On one occasion a trooper ran into difficulties whilst crossing a river in spate. On arrival at the river he was determined to fulfil his duties and get to the other side spick and span, so he undressed and after regulating the bridle and after crossing his stirrups and placing them over the saddle, tied his clothes on top. His horse first refused to plunge into the raging water, but after giving him a rap over the buttocks the horse jumped in and made for the opposite bank. The trooper, being a good swimmer, followed.<br /><br /><span style="font-size:85%;"> Page 66</span><br /></div><br /><div style="text-align: justify;">Unfortunately for him, when he got across the horse refused to have anything to do with him, and whenever he approached the animal simply, put his head down and trotted off. The trooper was in a predicament, as not far off was the homestead he had been ordered to visit, and find out if the owner had any complaints to make. However, the young policeman, being a resourceful person, made for the bush whilst the horse, seeing the homestead in sight, trotted off in its direction. The trooper pulled off a few branches of greenery from the shrubs and with the aid of some pliable bark made himself a rough kilt.<br /></div><br /><div style="text-align: justify;"> When he knocked at the door the farmer's wife opened it and on seeing the ludicrous figure, gasped and shouted for her husband. He had managed to catch the horse in his back yard and seeing the uniform tied on the saddle he was alarmed and concluded the rider had been drowned. One can imagine his relief on seeing the harassed visitor at his front door. In fits of laughter, realising what had taken place, he opened wide the door, confronting the half-naked young man with the query, "Any complaints to make?"<br /></div><br /><div style="text-align: justify;"> It was very unusual for the District Police to travel on their own. They were allotted posts in the main centres and in remote areas usually a sergeant in charge with two or three troopers under him, and their half a dozen or so African police. Some of these distant posts were very inaccessible, especially in the rainy season, and right off the beaten tracks. When making patrols from their stations they travelled on horseback in single file, mainly along paths with a donkey or two following after them laden with their paraphernalia, and two or three African police on foot. At one time police horsesbecame scarce owing to horse sickness, and mules had to be used. One of the police members considered himself degraded as he was a noted horseman and immediately protested and wrote to his Commanding Officer. Finally he received a reply, which stated: "Do you realise that a Greater Man than you once rode a donkey?".<br /></div><br /><div style="text-align: justify;"> The police visited remote spots down the Sabi Valley and into Native Reserves where no white people had ever been before, and very often found native kraals unoccupied. The natives had ample time to hear of the approaching patrol and had, therefore, vanished into the hills, awaiting the departure of the intruders. However, in time the Africans gradually learnt that the police were there to protect them, and were not a threat to their way of life.<br /></div><br /><div style="text-align: justify;"> Whilst on patrol the farmers gave the police patrols shelter and assisted them in every way possible. On one occasion the police had to go round and summon farmers to appear in Court, a very unpleasant job for them. The reason for this was that the farmers refused to comply with Government regulations whereby farmers were obliged to pay to the Government a percentage of the African wages. This order was very distasteful to them, and they were determined to resist it with all their might. They immediately decided on 'passive resistance' as a method. The result was that the farmers were brought to justice and were convicted. Although the Magistrates were lenient and fines were at a minimum, the farmers refused to pay, and were convicted and sent to gaol for short periods. But the women were more affected than the men, and with tears in .their eyes, could not resist backing up their husbands. It all ended in a fiasco and the farmers got their way.<br /></div><br />Before proceeding further lot us consider the police and their duties when New Umtali came into being. During the building of the<br /><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">Page 67</span><br /><br /><div style="text-align: justify;">Umtali-Beira railway Mr. Varian describes a man named Mr. 0'Flahertywho attempted to shoot a lion from a station shack, using goat as bait placed at the entrance gate. When it was Mr. Varian's turn to take shift he dozed, and when he awoke the lion had taken the bait and gone, much to Mr. 0'Flaherty's annoyance. However, afterwards, Mr. O'Flaherty left the railway and became warden of the Umtali Gaol. Never were prisoners so smart. He drilled and marched them in proper military formation, with shouldered picks and shovels. One side of the stream which bordered Umtali was being cleared for a park. The work was done with prison labour. Whilst engaged on this task an amusing incident took place. One afternoon after several months of unblemished record, at the end of the day's work there was no guard! He had taken far too much alcoholic drink. The two European prisoners in the party ordered the Africans to 'fall in' and marched them smartly back to the prison, carrying their warden with them! However, the Rev, Roxburgh took pity on the warden when he was out of a job and asked Mr. Varian to reinstate him. Fortunately Mr. Varian was able to do so and after this O'Flaherty never again defected from his duties.<br /></div><br /><div style="text-align: justify;"> In those early days in Umtali the police constables had weird responsibilities. For example, when Mr. Wood's sow and her litter spent the night in the gaol! Mr. Wood was obliged to walk to the Drill Hall to attend a Volunteer parade and found, on arrival there, that his sow and her litter of six had followed him It was too late to turn back and so he asked the police to look after them for the night. They obliged and locked them up in one of the cells.<br /></div><br /><div style="text-align: justify;"> Another responsibility was the ambulance. When an accident occurred, the ambulance was summoned immediately. This vehicle stood on the verandah outside the Charge Office. It boasted solid rubber tyres on its three high spoked wheels. Attached to the single front wheel was a long handle. The patient was placed in the stretcher and covered with a blanket. One policeman took the guiding handle attached to the front wheel, two other men, one on each side, did the pushing. The hospital was built on a kopje overlooking the town. This was supposed to be a safeguard against malaria, but proved uphill work for the police who were somewhat exhausted on arrival and willingly delivered their patient to the nurses.<br /></div><br /><div style="text-align: justify;"> A crime which occurred fairly frequently at that time was arson, when buildings were heavily insured. This usually happened at stores, and as the buildings were wood and iron with floor boards, they were very inflammable. In the case of' arson all that was required was paraffin, a few rags and a candle. The candle was lit under the floor boards with the rags around its base, then all you had to do was to get on your horse or in your cart and hurriedly make your departureand await results. On one occasion there was a rather naive individual unable to read or write, who owned a store some way out of Umtali. He pre-arranged that his African storekeeper sent him a telegram a day or so after he left. On receiving the telegram at the Post Office, he held it upside down and remarked in a loud anguished voice, "Good God,my store has been burned down". However, when the police investigated they found the store intact, and all his efforts to destroy the store had failed. The candle flame had blown out and prevented the rags from igniting] The result was that the owner was convicted. It was a serious crime and he was sent to gaol. This case more or less put a stop to arson.<br /></div><br /><div style="text-align: justify;"> Before ending this chapter lot us record notable characters and their activities which furthered advancement in the famous B.S.A. Police.<br /></div><br /><div style="text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-size:85%;">Page 68</span><br /></div><br /><div style="text-align: justify;">As previously mentioned, George Stockley was the Sub-Inspector who was transferred from Old Umtali to New Umtali in 1896.<br /></div><br /><div style="text-align: justify;"> On the 29th November, 1896 the famous Randolph Cosby Nesbitt, who justly received the Victoria Cross whilst on the Mazoe Patrol, was transferred to Manicaland and stationed in Melsetter, but soon after that the authorities reconsidered their decision. It is recorded that he took over command of the troops in Umtali. He married Mary Susan Sanders, and in partnership with Mr. T.B. Hulley, the Native Commissioner and a Magistrate, bought a large portion of the Vumba then known as Scandinavia.<br /></div><br /><div style="text-align: justify;"> On 20th October, 1899 we first hear-of Sub-Inspector Cashel who was seconded from service with the Southern Rhodesian Volunteers to act as Adjutant and while so acting, held the rank of Captain. His next stop was when he was appointed District Superintendent in 1913. On the 24th November, 1914 he received further promotion and became Major R. Cashel and was appointed acting Camp Commandant, 2nd Rhodesia Contingent. He ended up his career as Lt. Col. R. Cashel and on his retirement, settled on a farm on the indirect route from Umtali to Melsetter, with magnificent mountain scenery, ample water and fertile valleys. This area was named after him.<br /></div><br /><div style="text-align: justify;"> The next personality we hear about is A.J. Tomlinson. He arrived in Rhodesia in 1894 as a trooper in Bechuanaland Border Police, He attested as a trooper in the Mashonaland Mounted Police in 1894. Their uniform in those days was a dark grey cord tunic and breaches with black field boot's and grey felt hat, the left-rim turned pp with a badge. In 1895 Tomlinson was unlucky and was involved in the Jameson Raid which we all know ended in disaster. In 1910 he was stationed in Umtali, and one day in September a telegram arrived asking him to command the B.S.A. Police, Coronation Contingent, at the Coronation of George V in 1911, which he did. The Rhodesian Herald described their uniform thus:' "Grey felt hat with brown puttees; the badge had a backing of red felt; blue tunics with gold chevrons. N.C.O's with gleaming, brown leather bandoliers, fawn riding breeches and white strapping's. Corporals and Troopers, white riding breaches; for Sergeants, W.O's and Officers blue puttees with bindings worn just above, black boots and spurs." The Contingent carried rifles and were described as very spectacular.<br /></div><br /><div style="text-align: justify;"> At the outbreak of the 1914 war Lt. Col. Tomlinson was in command of the First Rhodesian Native Regiment in East Africa. He was wounded when he was engaged by the enemy, and was outnumbered, and fought hard for over a week. In fact it was apparently touch and go as to whether he would heve to surrender or not. Eventually he was relieved by Col. Murray's column. After four months in hospital-in East Africa Lt. Col. Tomlinson was invalided home. He was greeted with admiration when his contingent arrived back and passed through to Salisbury. Lt. Col. Tomlinson, having previously returned to Salisbury, happened to be on the platform when the train arrived. He was immediately surrounded by a cheering crowd of returned comrades both black and white, a reception which can only be described as overwhelming.<br /></div><br /><div style="text-align: justify;"> Colonel Tomlinson was Acting Commissioner in command of the Defence Force from 1925 and in. 1926 he retired with the rank of Lieutenant Colonel.<br /></div><br /><div style="text-align: justify;"> Finally we must not forget the African B.S.A. Police members who served in. tho Force. They, like their comrades, did noble work and in many instances we hear of them performing outstanding and notable deeds.<br /></div><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">Page 69</span><br /><br /><div style="text-align: justify;"><div style="text-align: justify;">Special commendation was awarded to A. Det. Luke C.I.D., which he justly deserved. He arrested a desperate criminal who was armed with a knife with which he made repeated attempts to stab Det. Luke. Later the criminal attempted murder, and escaped from gaol but was shot dead whilst doing so.<br /></div><br /><div style="text-align: justify;"> Sgt. Zachariah, Umtali District, was commended for his bravery. He saved an African women from death or serious injury from the wheels of a moving train, underneath which she had fallen, from the Umtali Railway Station platform. With complete disregard for his own personal safety he shielded the woman with his own body until danger had passed.<br /></div><br />An African, Sgt. Mudadi, Umtali District; one night a shot was fired through the window of a farm house, shattering the window and passing between two Europeans who were occupying the room. After initial enquiries Sgt. Mudadi and an African constable were left at the homestead as guards. About midnight, acting on a-report received, Sgt. Mudadi with his constable and the farmer who was in possession of a shotgun) went to an unoccupied cottage some distance from the homestead. On entering the cottage Sgt. Mudadi noticed by the light of a touch an African hiding under the bed, and that he was in possession of a gun. Sgt. Mudadi snatched the shotgun from the farmer and fired a shot at the legs of the intruder. The African was slightly injured and an immediate arrest was made. The criminal was subsequently convicted of shooting on that particular night, and also on six counts of housebreaking.<br /><br />Then there was Sgt. Mamvura who was a member of a team investigating a case of murder at Lesapi Valley Farm, and was left alone, concealed in the hut of the accused, to await his possible return. The accused returned late that night and suspecting a trap, set fire to the grass roof of the hut. Sgt. Mamvura gave chase but as he did so the accused fired a metal tipped arrow at him and then ran off. The arrow hit Sgt. Mamvura who, after pulling it out, pursued the accused until pain and loss of blood from the wound caused him to collapse. The following day a police search party arrested the accused who was subsequently sentenced at High Court, Umtali to a long term of imprisonment for culpable homicide and assault to do grievous bodily harm. The brave deeds of the B.S.A. Police Force are numerous, and both white and black deserve special commendation or devotion to duty and great courage and efficiency. However, as much as one would like to continue reminiscing about all the past history of the notable B.S.A. Police Force, we must end here.<br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">FORMATION OF POLICE FORCE 1899 under Lt. Col. Pennefather</span><br /><br />Philip George Stockley: 1896<br />Major Brown, Command Communications: 29.12.96<br />Insp. Nesbitt, Command of Troops: 29.12.96<br />Sub-Inspector Cashel:<br />Capt. A.J. Tomlinson: 7. 9.06<br />Sub-Inspector H.J.K. Brereton. 22. 4.11<br />Capt. R.H. Idderdale: 21.11.14<br />Major J.S. Ingham: 13.12.20<br />Major G. Stops: 10. 9.22<br />Capt. C.E. Pitt-Schenkel:<br />Capt. R. Hamilton: 14. 7.30<br />Capt. H.T. Onyett, M.C.: 15. 4.31<br />Lt. H.G. Seward: 20. 5.35<br />Capt. J.M.V. Parr: 8. 6.35<br /><br />End of Page 60<br /><br />Page 70<br /><br />Capt. F.C. Edwards, M.M.: 7.5.37<br />Capt. Surgey: 2.10.39<br />Capt.. 3.B. Lombard: 10.2.43<br />Supt.. E.S. Streeter: 23.10.43<br />Supt. B.G. Spurling: 20.11.43<br />T. Major R.F. Derham: 16.3.46<br />Capt. R.S, Col. 0'Greedy: 19.12.48<br />Lt. S.E. Collins: 13.5.49<br />Capt.C.W.H. Thatcher: 18.7.49<br />Lt. S.V. Brewer: 20.12.51<br />Capt. J.C. Payne: 1,9,53<br />Major H.M. Shewell: 13.5.54<br />Capt. V. .Flower, M.B.E.: 17.4.57<br />Chief Supt. Spink: 3.6.58<br />Supt. Gaitskell: 8.6.59<br />Chief Supt. Sherren: 30.6.61<br />Asst. Commissioner White: 1.1. 66<br />Asst. Commissioner L.3. Jouning: 7.7. 68<br />Chief Supt. D.H. Sanderson: 13.4.70<br />Asst., Commissioner J.W.G. Cannon D.F.S.: 20.5.70<br />Asst. Commissioner W.A.H. May: 7.4.71<br />Asst. Commissioner T.W. Egleton: 1.1.72<br /><br />End of Chapter<br /><span style="font-size:85%;"><span style="font-weight: bold;font-size:100%;" ><a href="http://memoriesofmanicaland.blogspot.com/2010/10/a1-index.html">Click Here To Return to Index</a></span><br /><br />Recompiled, by Eddy Norris, from a copy of the booklet made available by Neill Storey. Thanks Neill.<br /><br />The recompilation was done for no or intended financial gain but rather to record the memories of Rhodesia.<br /><br />The family of the author have given permission for ORAFs to load this booklet onto the Internet.<br />Thanks top the family and special thanks to Heather Curran.<br /><br />Thanks to<br />Paul Norris for the ISP sponsorship.<br />Paul Mroz for the image hosting sponsorship.<br />Robb Ellis for his assistance.<br /><br />Should you wish to contact Eddy Norris please mail him <a href="mailto:orafs11@gmail.com">orafs11@gmail.com</a></span></div>Rhodesia Rememberedhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06644511584084003690noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2546971602804416656.post-72097382349529357102010-10-13T15:37:00.006+02:002010-10-21T13:38:29.327+02:0010: SCHOOLSCHAPTER 10<br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">SCHOOLS</span><br /><br /><div style="text-align: justify;"> As already recorded, during the very early days schools went hand in hand with the churches and missions.<br /></div><br /><div style="text-align: justify;"> In 1895, as previously mentioned, the first school was started in Manicaland by Miss Miles, later Mrs. Dick Tulloch. The population of the surrounding districts at that time was two hundred and seventy two men, thirty three women and thirty six children all under the age of twelve years. So Miss Miles' pupils numbered twelve and her school was started in a pole and dagga hut, not in the best stage of preservation, but with a coat of white-wash inside, a little extra thatch outside, and the low window draped with calico, it was made rather more presentable. There was a table, a chair for the teacher, and facing it was a trestle of boards fixed on planted poles which served as a desk.<br /></div><br /><div style="text-align: justify;"> The equipment consisted of two slates and exercise books made from trimmings left over from the Rhodesia Advertiser (later Umtali Post). A few suitable pictures taken from illustrated papers were tacked on the walls. Another interesting feature was the high stool and dunce cap, where the disgraced pupil had to sit and suffer at times. The author, one of Miss Miles pupils, remembers her as being an excellent and pleasing teacher. During a nature study lesson, on reaching a pool, a water frog made its appearance. Miss Miles, in her zeal to interest her young pupils, leaned over, too far and tumbled into the deep water! Her small pupils stood round and gaped at her with her long dress billowing on the surface of the water; their one concern was to know if her feet were touching the ground or not. However, she was soon rescued by an admirer of hers. Frank Hulley, who was one of Miss Miles' pupils, was disobedient one day and Miss Miles considered a large girl's hat was more suitable for the occasion than the dunce's cap which she tried to make Frank don. Rather than face humiliation he jumped out of the window and ran away!<br /></div><br /><div style="text-align: justify;"> So much for Miss Miles' first school. On arrival in New Umtali in early 1897 Mrs. Hugh Tulloch (Rosa St. Clair) lost no time in getting the next school started. This was at 52 Park Road, Darlington and as most of the pupils were her own children and relations, it was called Tulloch School. She was a born teacher; fair-minded, and a good disciplinarian. On the other hand , very kind, and went all out to help her pupils all she could. At this time Sir Robert Baden Powell's idea of Boy Scouts had not materialised and a small contingent had been formed by the above school which they named the Darlington Guards, which was operating in Umtali. This school was responsible for, the first youth football team being started. It had no captain - all the members of the team in a vote for captaincy had voted for themselves, so it was considered wise to leave the post of captain vacant! Many of tho pupils names are worth recording for future reference, such as Alistair Tulloch (Sandy Tulloch's son) the first white child born in Manicaland; Ewan Tulloch, who became the Chief Mining Engineer in Rhodesia; Ernest Tulloch (killed in the First World War) and recorded in the Roll of Honour in the Memorial Chapel in Umtali; Jack Tulloch murdered whilst managing a timber saw-mill); Frank Hulley P.N.C. who received the Imperial Service Order in 1948.<br /></div><br /><div style="text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-size:85%;"> Page 62</span><br /><div style="text-align: justify;"><br />It appears that towards the end of 1897, Umtali began to form the rail-head for the coming railway. It was then that the High Commissioner, Sir Alfred Milner, came out to review the present site and whilst in Umtali he interviewed Miss Miles. As a result, he promised her a grant for furniture, tables and forms for individual pupils. These forms were so highly polished when they arrived that the pupils took a delight in sliding down them, much to Miss Miles horror. The school moved from Old Umtali to the present site and the Government made available a wood and iron office which was also moved from the old site. This consisted of a large school room, which was erected near Kopje House (the Hospital). The pupils numbered twenty seven and the parents paid twenty one shillings a term as school fees. When Miss Miles married Mr. Dick Tulloch in 1898 she retired. After her departure, her sister-in-law, Mrs. Player Miles, took1 over and taught the children until late 1898, when the Methodist Episcopal Church opened its school as previously related. In the same year it is recorded that a meeting was held in the Court House, Major Scott Turner taking the chair. It was agreed to use the corner of Government buildings for a school. This had two names - Umtali Public School and the Academy, and the Rev. Ehnes was head, assisted by his wife, soon after their arrival from America. He started work in 1900 and had considerable difficulty in arranging the school owing to the delay and loss of books on the way. He and his wife and Mrs. Hugh Tulloch were responsible for the first school concert.<br /><br />Owing to illness, the Rev. Ehnes was unable to continue and a new head, Rev. Amory Beetham, replaced him in 1901. In the same year the school vacated its present site which was rented at one hundred and fifty pounds per annum, owing to the increase of pupils to forty eight (as previously mentioned).<br /><br />The unfinished Goldfields Hotel at the corner of Second Street and D Avenue was taken over, by the school, and named Umtali Academy. It was a double storey building and well suited for school facilities. Mrs. Hugh Tulloch was reported to be at her desk every day, and received special mention by Mr. Duthie, then a supervising inspector, later Director of Education. By 1904 Umtali Academy was no longer the only school. Mrs. Hugh Tulloch left the Academy to assist Rev. Arthur Robins, of the Anglican Order to start St. John's Public School. The reason for starting a new school was that the parents were not satisfied with the standard of teaching at the Academy.<br /><br />The Rev. Robins was a strict disciplinarian, an actor, and had he lived today, would have been at home with modern methods of teaching. Many old Umtalians of today still remember the excellent school plays he produced including the ostumes and the decor. Rev. Robins, when he entered the class, had a clicker. At the first click the pupils would respectfully stand up and say good morning to him, and on the second click the good morning was to Mrs. Tulloch.<br />During physical exercises first thing in the morning, all was conducted by the sound of the clicker, each click denoting the order and timing of the exercises, without a word being spoken. When the exercise was not in order, then the company was severely rebuked.<br /><br />The Government, when they heard that Rhodes Trustees had given one hundred pounds towards a public school, considered this was not in order and opposed it. However, in spite of Government opposition, the Church of England school progressed, the reason being that all denominations were included.<br /><span style="font-size:85%;"><br />Page 63</span><br /><br />It was in 1908 that the Church of England public school and the Academy Public school amalgamated, to the annoyance of many of the pupils1 parents, Mr. Garner, who had had a most brilliant University career, arrived. He seemed the ideal person to weather the storms brewing at the time, and was elected Headmaster. Many old Umtali residents will remember him. He was Irish and had a quick temper and made full use of the cane for all purposes. On one occasion, when his pupils were lined up before him, one pupil gave a ridiculous answer to his question. He immediately whipped out his cane and struck him. In so doing, the point of Mr. Garner's cane hit another pupil in the eye and blood flowed. He was so overcome with horror that he fainted. The pupil concerned went to see Dr. Craven and after a stitch or two recovered, but Mr. Garner had learned his lesson - not to be so hasty. Mrs. Tulloch was retained and continued her career as a teacher and the Rev. Robins retired. The school had one hundred and seventeen pupils in various standards. The teachers were as follows:<br /><br />Mr. Garner, Head; Mr. Taylor., Mrs. Tulloch, Miss Blezard and Miss Nesbitt (daughter of Sally Nesbitt) and -from there onwards the schools increased rapidly. In 1910 the Old Umtali Academy was in a dilapidated condition and proved unsafe. One pupil, now Mrs. Parkin, had the misfortune of falling through the rotten floor boards of the music room. So the School Advisory Committee condemned tho building. A new site near the Market Square was selected, and eventually a new school was erected. Owing to the rapid expansion of the school the Masonic Lodge was hired for five pounds per month. In 1913 Mr. Sutherland, a bachelor and known as a dour Scot, skilfully guided the school through the First World War, a war that eventually took a great toll of many -of the students.<br /><br />I would like to continue further with the history of the schools but time and space are running out. Unfortunately, in the early stages, small communities were scattered far apart in Manicaland and other provinces of Rhodesia. Many parents thus found it impossible to send their children to schools and had to undertake the education of their children themselves - a noble effort. However, when Correspondence Courses were started by the Government this was a great blessing to the community.<br /><br />Today the schools which have grown from small beginnings into large educational establishments are woven into the very fabric of our lives. Those noble Headmasters who assisted in the great progress of the schools deserve that their names should be preserved in the history of our lands:<br /><br />Mr. W. Garner, B.A. (Int) RUI, 1909 - 1912<br />Mr.. J.G. Sutherland, M.A., F.G.S., FR MET C., U.H.S., 1913 - 1921<br />Mr. H.G. Livingston, M.A., M.C., U.H.S., 1922 - 1929<br />Mr. B.B. Hill, B.A., M.C., C.B.E., U.H.S., 1931 - 1947<br />Mr. A.D. Gledhill, M.A., U.H.S. 1949 - 1953. U.B.H.S. 1954 - 1955<br />Mr. K.M. Fleming, B.A. Dip Ed., U.B.H.S., 1956 - 1971<br />Miss M. McLaughlin, B.Sc., U.G.H.S., 1954 - 1958<br />Miss E.M. Clark, B.A. Dip. Ed., U.G.H.S., 1958 - 1977.<br /><br />End of Chapter<br /><br /><span style="font-size:85%;"><span style="font-weight: bold;font-size:100%;" ><a href="http://memoriesofmanicaland.blogspot.com/2010/10/a1-index.html">Click Here To Return to Index</a></span><br /><br />Recompiled, by Eddy Norris, from a copy of the booklet made available by Neill Storey. Thanks Neill.<br /><br />The recompilation was done for no or intended financial gain but rather to record the memories of Rhodesia.<br /><br />The family of the author have given permission for ORAFs to load this booklet onto the Internet.<br />Thanks top the family and special thanks to Heather Curran.<br /><br />Thanks to<br />Paul Norris for the ISP sponsorship.<br />Paul Mroz for the image hosting sponsorship.<br />Robb Ellis for his assistance.<br /><br />Should you wish to contact Eddy Norris please mail him <a href="mailto:orafs11@gmail.com">orafs11@gmail.com</a></span><br /></div></div>Rhodesia Rememberedhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06644511584084003690noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2546971602804416656.post-21515090258628412962010-10-12T20:46:00.008+02:002010-10-21T13:38:54.824+02:009: GROWING UPCHAPTER 9<br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">GROWING UP</span><br /><br /><div style="text-align: justify;"> Now that the railway had reached Manicaland, it was a temporary disappointment to the inhabitants as no personal goods could be delivered by rail until the line was through to Salisbury. The reason for this was that railway building materials had priority.<br /></div><br />It is interesting to note how newcomers found the country on arrival and the way they travelled. Such notices as the following appeared in the press:<br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">Kimptons Service Cars</span><br />To and from Penhalonga,<br />Five shillings each way, also 20% of the takings of each taxi will go to charity.<br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">Harrison & Company </span><br />Plumbers, Waterworks Engineers, Sanitary General Contractors.<br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">W. Stephen</span><br />Carpenter and Builder, Main Street.<br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">Rhodesian Advertiser </span><br />3 months Seven shillings<br />6 months Fourteen shillings<br />12 months One pound eight shillings<br /><br /><div style="text-align: justify;"> Mr. Johnnie Holland gives us a vivid picture of his experiences from the time he arrived in Beira in 1897 and the early days in Umtali. He was a well known character and afterwards took over the auctioneering firm from Mr. Barry and Mr. English and went into partnership with Mr. Huxtable in 1920. He was appointed Deputy Sheriff in 1919.<br /></div><br /><div style="text-align: justify;"> As a youngster he worked at Port Elizabeth for a wholesale firm and received a salary of seven pounds ten shillings per month! His brother, a Government Land Surveyor in Salisbury, informed him that he should approach Mr. Pauling's Company in Beira whose firm was constructing the railway line from Beira to Umtali, and offering a salary of twenty five pounds a month, including accommodation (a wood and iron building). Johnnie Holland tried to insure himself before proceeding, but was told that, as no one lived longer than twelve months in Beira, it was impossible!<br /></div><br /><div style="text-align: justify;"> Mr. Holland travelled on the "Donilly Castle" to Beira and on the voyage saw a number of whales. The passenger fare was fourteen pounds. Ho borrowed twenty five pounds from his brother, the Land Surveyor, who never expected to see it again, and was very astonished when it was returned to him. There was no harbour in Beira and boats had to remain out in deep water. When the time came to disembark, passengers had to take to rowing boats. Within about twenty yards off the shore it became so shallow that they were pick-a-backed the rest of the way by Africans!<br /></div><br /><div style="text-align: justify;"> Mr. Holland's brother-in-law was a friend of Colonel Beale, Assistant General Manager of Pauling's camp in Beira, and had given Mr. Holland a letter of introduction to his future boss, Mr. A.L. Lawley, then known as the uncrowned king of Beira. Having presented the latter, the Colonel instructed Holland as regards the hours of work. They were from 6„00 a.m. to 8.00 a.m., from 9.00 a.m. to 12.00 noon and from 2.00 p.m. to 6.50 p.m. He also warned him about conditions in Beira - malaria fever was rife and he was cautioned against drink. After this they went to a pub for breakfast and drank gin and ginger beer, and he had to follow suit and oblige, and all the<br /></div><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">Page 57</span><br /><span lang="EN"></span><br /><div style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN">time Mr. Holland had to listen to his host's discourse on the evils of drink. Colonel Beale died early in life; residents in Beira put it down to gin and ginger beer!</span><br /><span lang="EN"></span></div><span lang="EN"><br /></span><div style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN"> At that time there was only an untrained doctor in the town who was also the hospital orderly. He was with the troops in the 1896 Mashonaland rebellion, and was so unpopular with them that he was dismissed. He arrived just after the previous doctor had died, and Mr. Lawley gave him the job.</span><br /><span lang="EN"></span></div><span lang="EN"><br /></span><div style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN"> While Mr. Holland was in Beira a cattle-hand came over with horses from the Argentine for the expeditionary forces for the Boer War, and landed in Beira. The cattle-hand deserted and endeavoured to obtain work in the town but failed. He then repeatedly pestered the British Consul, but without results. At ten o'clock one morning he arrived at the Pauling & Company office and was refused admission. The cattle-hand then pulled out a knife, stabbed the young assistant in the arm, and went into the Consul's office and stabbed him. The doctor was called and when he arrived, he fainted at the amount of blood spilled and had to be carried out. The Consul died soon afterwards and in due course the culprit was sentenced to twenty two years in a Mozambique Mine, and died a couple of years later.</span><br /><span lang="EN"></span></div><span lang="EN"><br /></span><div style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN"> Johnnie Holland left Beira after spending thirteen months there. Pauling & Company had then completed the broad gauge line, and had handed it over to Rhodesia Railways. On the 15th August 1900 Mr. Holland arrived in Umtali. The Customs Clerk who dealt with him in later years became Judge of the Rhodesian High Court, Judge Speight.</span><br /><span lang="EN"></span></div><span lang="EN"><br /></span><div style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN"> All men transferred from Beira to Umtali for the Railways had meals at the Paulington Hotel. Afterwards, when rebuilt it was named the Marina, a wood and iron building the came as the Cecil Hotel. At breakfast Mr. Holland had two helpings of porridge and milk, the latter resembling cream. It was the first time for over a year he had tasted milk and vegetables. Afterwards he walked to the Cecil Hotel. Two men in uniform were' fighting oh the front verandah in front of the Bar. Mr. Holland asked his friend what it was all about. He replied, "Only B.S.A. Police - they have recently returned with the hut tax from Inyanga and handed it over intact, and had been celebrating at the pub". Mr. Holland considered this was the type of country he had been looking for, where Police could have a nice friendly scrap in public, then perhaps the general public could settle their differences without risk of interference!</span><br /><span lang="EN"></span></div><span lang="EN"><br /></span><div style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN"> So in time a venue was chosen for the settlement of all arguments in the yard of the Rhodesia Trading Company.</span><br /><span lang="EN"></span></div><span lang="EN"><br /></span><div style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN"> In the very early stages there mere three churches in Umtali, the first one being the Church of England. It was placed in the bundu surrounded by long grass, and no houses were anywhere in sight. Bishop Gaul, in the Church one Sunday morning, walked up and down the aisle preaching and reproaching the congregation 'for their sins. He told them that they were responsible for the laying out of the town. The Committee had seen to it that there were numerous pubs and after that some Government offices, the Post Office, Gaol and all other requisite buildings were provided for. Lastly one member of the Committee perhaps asked "How about a church" and they all agreed that it was necessary. The Bishop visualised them saying 'Put it out in the bundu so that it won't get in peoples way''. Brothers and sisters, that is how your Church came to be built."</span><br /><span lang="EN"></span></div><span lang="EN"><br /></span><div style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN"> <span style="font-size:85%;">Page 58</span></span><br /><br />Bishop Gaul was known as the fighting Bishop and he stood no nonsense from anyone. On one occasion after service, he slipped off his robes, rolled up his sleeves and challenged one of his antagonists. Now we are equal" he remarked, "put up your fists. I am about to settle my account with you". The Bishop was of a medium size, but having been a boxer in his early days, was active and nimble on his feet. Although his opponent was a large man, inclined to be a bully, he was badly beaten up. In those days Manicaland was blessed with' some splendid Church members, and the clergy were greatly respected.<br /><br />As previously mentioned, there were three churches. The Church of England was then known as St. John's, the Methodist Church and the very small Roman Catholic Church. The Rev. Roxburgh was the first Anglican minister in Umtali and behind him was an enthusiastic, helpful congregation who clubbed together, starting a subscription to which the whole town generously subscribed. Not only was there sufficient to build a church,, but between substantial wooden pillars was the first large bell, which could be heard all over Umtali summoning the congregation. 0n occasion this bell tolled for great men such as Cecil Rhodes, and. many other prominent people, including Queen Victoria.<br /><br />Another well known character who often preached in the Church was a missionary J.H. Upcher. He and his assistant, N.C. Panilod, started the first school in Salisbury in 1894. Archdeacon Upcher in his latter years was a fine old patriarch with a long white flowing beard, resembling Abraham. He did remarkably good work amongst the Africans. They greatly appreciated him and recently an old chief remarked that he was the best preacher that he had over heard.<br /><br />To the American Episcopal Methodist Church, when Old Umtali was vacated and came to the new site, Cecil Rhodes offered 13,000 acres of land and buildings, to Bishop Joseph C. Hartzell for the establishing of an industrial mission in Old Umtali. This was provided the mission would start a European school in the new town. The Rev. Morris U, Ehnes and his wife arrived from America in 1898, and started both school and church work. Owing to illness he had to give up the work and it was at a standstill for some time until the Rev. Robert Woodhouse and his wife arrived to take over. The school started in a private home, and it was in December 1901'that the Goldfields Hotel was bought for one-thousand five hundred United States dollars, and the Umtali Academy came into being.<br /><br />As regards the Roman Catholic Church, it was rather a small insignificant building in the lower end of Fifth Street, not far from the Park. Children going to school at the Academy used to pass that way, and often stood and looked at it in wonder, to see if any dark gowned priests could be seen. However, from a small mustard seed grows a tremendous tree. This applies to that small community.. Later a suitable piece of ground was obtained in E Avenue, and the Holy Rosary, a large church, was erected. After that came the Dominican Convent. I quote: "The Dominican Sisters arrived in Umtali on 26th January 1926. On the 2nd February of the same year, the Sisters opened a School commencing with thirty pupils. The Parish Priest had made over his Presbytery and the Church to the Sisters. He himself lived in a rented cottage on the adjacent corner stand facing Third Street. As the number ,of pupils increased the Priest confined himself to only one room of his cottage and gave the other<br /><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">Page 59</span><br /><br />two rooms for use as classrooms. The Sanctuary of the Church was heavily curtained off and the rest of the building was also used as a classroom. Eventually, as the site on which the Sisters were living, proved unsuitable, a piece of ground - Plot N - at the foot of the mountains was purchased with the help of generous benefactors. The Sisters had three large classrooms built on this land to which they travelled each morning to school. At the earnest request of parents a few boarders were taken, the number gradually increasing to over thirty. A cottage across the road had been purchased to accommodate them. It might be of interest to note that all.the buildings occupied by the Sisters and children were wood<br />and iron structures.<br /><br />The academic work of the school made steady and favourable progress. The classes, although small, wore extended year by year until the matriculation standard was reached. The first J.C. pupil won a Beit Scholarship. Two years later she won a Matriculation Bursary. This was Catherine Bell. Later in Scotland, she took her degree at the Glasgow University. Our pupils were all very happy and industrious, and the academic results were in proportion. From the very commencement of the school, organised games were started. Mrs. Harvey coached the girls in tennis at the Park courts. Soon fixtures for both tennis and swimming were made with the Government School.<br /><br />On April 29th 1936, the first brick was laid of the Convent on Plot N. Half the building was completed by May 1937 and the Sisters were delighted to take up residence then. On completion of the rest of the building the Boarders moved in. This was a great day for all, as can well be imagined! For the first few years numbers of pupils were between fifty and ninety. The Boarders numbering between fourteen and twenty. Now in 1971 we have one hundred and fifty six pupils on the roll, with fifty Boarders.<br /><br />A new Infants School and Music House was built in 1965/66. The new School building was completed on 2nd June 1954. In the year 1948 the School restricted their classes to Standard 5 duo to lack of teaching staff. Pupils were then drafted on to our Secondary department in Salisbury.<br /><br />The Dutch Reformed Church, which played such an important part in the history of Manicaland, dated back to 1891 when Messrs. Wilcock and Thompson asked Rhodes for permission to start the East Central Mission in Gazaland. He studied the map and proposed the area near the present Mt. Silinda. Eventually a staff was appointed and consisted of Mr. and Mrs. S.H. Wilder, Mr. and Mrs. Bates and Dr. and Mrs. Thompson, all from Zulu Missions. On many occasions Dr. Thomspon, the mission doctor, was sent for by the helpless patient s who could not travel by wagon, and he never let them down. Mt. Silinda Mission soon spread, and towards tho end of the decade its pupils increased to such an extent that the settlers in the Chimanimani area approached the Magistrate and enquired whether it would not be possible for the Mission to start a school at Melsetter itself.<br /><br />It was when a young man, Groenewald arrived in Umtali, that Martin sent three men to welcome him to Gazaland with his own horse, a valuable animal, as he was the only one that had survived horse sickness in the district. They were somewhat harassed on their return journey as the native carriers took up their own weapons and threatened the white men. Fortunately Rex Strasheim, a member of the party,<br /><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">Page 60</span><br /><br />armed with an unloaded revolver, pointed it at the aggressors, thus giving their guide, van der Merwe, time to load his own revolver. The carriers, realizing their determination to shoot if attacked, ran away into the surrounding bush leaving them with all their luggage. That night the white men slept at the huts of Mr. McAndrew and informed the Police, who rounded up the culprits, and dealt very severely with them, thus allowing the much relieved party to reach their destination, du Preez widow's house, where Martin welcomed them. From there they went on to Martin's home, 'Rocklands' with the guide riding on a donkey because his feet were too badly blistered to walk any further. Martin travelled with them. On the way it started to rain, and the party was soaking wet when they arrived on the farm. The carriers had vanished with all the luggage- and only turned up the following day after the Rev. Strasheim had to borrow clothes from Martin for his first service in Gazaland.<br /><br />A few photos<br /><br /><a href="http://s193.photobucket.com/albums/z273/orafs/Rhodesian%20Heritage/Manicaland%20Memories/?action=view&current=Photo001Smallx640.jpg" target="_blank"><img src="http://i193.photobucket.com/albums/z273/orafs/Rhodesian%20Heritage/Manicaland%20Memories/Photo001Smallx640.jpg" alt="Photo 1" border="0" /></a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;"><span style="font-weight: bold;">Tennis Party, Umtali Park, 1901</span>.<br /><br />Back Row: Unknown, Unknown, Unknown, T.B. Hulley,<br /><br />2nd BACK ROW:<br />Mr. Reisharck, Dr. Craven, Unknown, Mrs. Eggerton Harvey, Mrs Livingstone, Mr. Mann,<br />Mr. A.L. Baker, Mr. Harry Allen, Dr. Harper.<br /><br />GROUND SEATED:<br />Mr. Tom Gilbert, Mrs. Gilbert, Unknown, Mrs. Olgivie, Mrs. Myburgh, Mrs. Oliphant, Mrs. T.B. Hulley,<br /></span><br /><a href="http://s193.photobucket.com/albums/z273/orafs/Rhodesian%20Heritage/Manicaland%20Memories/?action=view&current=Photo002Smallx640.jpg" target="_blank"><img src="http://i193.photobucket.com/albums/z273/orafs/Rhodesian%20Heritage/Manicaland%20Memories/Photo002Smallx640.jpg" alt="Photo 2" border="0" /></a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;"><span style="font-weight: bold;">Internal Affairs Conference, About 1926.</span><br /><br />Back Row:<br />E.G. Lenthal, Miss B. Fynn. W.A. Devine, D.M. Powley, J.W. Posselt, F.W.T. Posselt,<br />W.S. Bazeley, A.M. Bowker, H.M.G. Jackson, M.S. Keigwin, W.G. Palgrave, A. Harvey,<br />F.E. Hulley, I. Powys Jones, Miss N. Fletcher, Miss M. New.<br /><br />Middle Row:<br />L. Bibra, Major R.C. Nesbitt V.C., W. Edwards, C.L. Carbutt, W.S. Taberer, Sir Herbert Taylor.<br />T.B. Hulley, F.G. Eliutt, L.C. Meredith, E.G. Howman, M.C. Mead.<br /><br />Front Row:<br />? Green, J. Blagrove, C. Rose-Innes, F. Champion, E. Hulley, C.Y. Sissing.<br /></span><br /><a href="http://s193.photobucket.com/albums/z273/orafs/Rhodesian%20Heritage/Manicaland%20Memories/?action=view&current=Photo003Smallx640.jpg" target="_blank"><img src="http://i193.photobucket.com/albums/z273/orafs/Rhodesian%20Heritage/Manicaland%20Memories/Photo003Smallx640.jpg" alt="Photo 3" border="0" /></a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;"><span style="font-weight: bold;">Gathering of Umtali "Old Timers" 5th November, 1931.</span><br /><br />Standing:<br />Left to Right:<br />Archdeacon Upcher, Mr. Palmer,Unknown, Mr. Livingstone, Mrs. Meikle, Mr. J. Meikle,<br />Unknown, Mr. L. Cripps, Mrs. Cripps, Maj. Dennison, Mrs. Tilbrook.<br /><br />Seated: Mr. Egerton Harvey, Mrs. Harvey, Miss Miles, Mrs. Tulloch,Unknown, Mr. Maritz.</span><br /><br /><br />End of Chapter<br /><br /><span style="font-size:85%;"><span style="font-weight: bold;font-size:100%;" ><a href="http://memoriesofmanicaland.blogspot.com/2010/10/a1-index.html">Click Here To Return to Index</a></span><br /><br />Recompiled, by Eddy Norris, from a copy of the booklet made available by Neill Storey. Thanks Neill.<br /><br />The recompilation was done for no or intended financial gain but rather to record the memories of Rhodesia.<br /><br />The family of the author have given permission for ORAFs to load this booklet onto the Internet.<br />Thanks top the family and special thanks to Heather Curran.<br /><br />Thanks to<br />Paul Norris for the ISP sponsorship.<br />Paul Mroz for the image hosting sponsorship.<br />Robb Ellis for his assistance.<br /><br />Should you wish to contact Eddy Norris please mail him <a href="mailto:orafs11@gmail.com">orafs11@gmail.com</a></span><br /></div>Rhodesia Rememberedhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06644511584084003690noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2546971602804416656.post-26196797671916553312010-10-12T10:50:00.010+02:002010-10-21T13:39:21.166+02:008: THE DIFFICULTIES OF BRINGING THE RAILWAY LINE TO UMTALICHAPTER 8<br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">THE DIFFICULTIES OF BRINGING THE RAILWAY LINE TO UMTALI</span><br /><br /><div style="text-align: justify;">Prior to the arrival of the railways in Manicaland most of Africa remained unsurveyed the frontiers uncertain and ill-defined. The European population consisted of Civil Servants, the most important being the British South Africa Police, who were the backbone of the country. Others consisted of the missionaries, prospectors, store keepers, lawyers, farmers and remittance men, etc.<br /></div><br /><div style="text-align: justify;"> Those were the days of big game hunters who sought and killed their game on foot, with black powder weapons, unlike hunters using motor transport, and the high velocity rifles of today. They were also the days of unrestricted and unlimited slaughter, before game, conservation was imposed. The knowledge gained by those ruthless hunters and wanderers afterwards became invaluable, and led to means of access to parts unknown, preceding settlements in various areas.<br /></div><br /><div style="text-align: justify;"> Before a country can survive or progress at all it is necessary that transport facilities be forthcoming. Therefore roads, bridges and railways are essential. The Beira-Mashonaland Railway was considered indispensable to the progress of the settlements in Rhodesia. Fortunately, a close friend of Cecil Rhodes was Sir Charles Metcalf, a well known pioneer engineer, who administered the engineering firm of Sir Douglas Fox. He became the consulting Engineer for the whole of Rhodesia, Beira and Benguela railway system.<br /></div><br /><div style="text-align: justify;"> As the railway crept nearer Umtali the small populace, grew, tense and excited; the ox-wagon days were nearly over. With rinderpest and lung diseases in Rhodesia, the prices of provisions were becoming exorbitant, for instance a tin of bully beef was 2/6d, a case of milk 42/- and beer 7/- a bottle.<br /></div><br /><div style="text-align: justify;"> The railway was in the process of being laid from Macequece and travelled up the Menini river valley to the present Umtali. The gradient up the valley is maximum for nearly twenty miles, with numerous curves on the slopes of the steep valley. The hazardous, laborious project of building a railway from Fontesville to Umtali was full of problems, and its construction called forth great endurance and perseverance, and no better man could have been selected than George Pauling who was head of the firm Paulina & Company.<br /></div><br /><div style="text-align: justify;"> This remarkable man made rapid progress from a small beginning. He originally worked as a navvy on the South African railways and then started contracting work on his own account. When he was twenty four he had saved about fifteen thousand pounds, George Pauling, writing about that period in his memoirs, remarked. "I fervently wished that I had never heard of the Beira Railway, At one time practically every white employee on the job was suffering from malaria. In one fortnight we lost six white men, including' my bookkeeper and in one year sixty percent of the men died", Pauling put A.L. Lawley in charge of the building of the Beira-Umtali section, and he was satisfied that he had chosen the best man for the job - a man of strong physique who was also indefatigable and industrious.<br /></div><br />In 1895 it was clear that the new link between Beira and Fontesville was most unsuitable owing to the Pungwe river changing its course, and the shifting sandbanks. Unfortunately the Beira<br /><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">Page 52</span><br /><br /><div style="text-align: justify;">Railway could not finance the project. To Lawley fell the task of getting the railway across the sixty miles of marshy flats through the Amatongas Forest, up the two escarpments and finally to Umtali, an altitude of four thousand feet. Apart from malaria, swamps, etc. there were lions which added to the hazards. In one month lions killed two European gangers and on another occasion two men besieged in their huts, and often the African labourers had to climb trees to get away from the savage beasts. This is an incident related by Pauling: "A rather tall person whose feet were protruding from the temporary grass shelter in which he was sleeping, suddenly awoke when he felt something tugging at one of his feet. He immediately shouted for help and some of the African workers rushed to his aid, attacking the lion with firebrands plucked from their fires which had been kept burning to keep the intruders away. Fortunately the lion was drawn off from his prey, but the victim lost a portion of his foot".<br /></div><br /><div style="text-align: justify;"> During the construction of the railway members of many tribes from all over the country came to seek work. Mr. Varian, M.I.C.E., F.R.G.S., (late Chief Resident Engineer Construction, the Benguela Railway, Angola) a well known Pioneer Engineer, tells the story of a tribe of Africans, living near the Zambesi river, who were reputed to be either immune from snake bites or to have some secret means of immunizing themselves. Whilst working on the Pungwe Bridge Mr. Varian came in contact with a member of this tribe. It so happened that a largo snake had just taken refuge in a hole in the bank, and all the other African workers had run away, knowing well that the snake was too quick and deadly to be trifled with. This primitive African, belonging to e Zambezi tribe, garbed in scanty clothes of bark and skins, came forward and announced he would deal with the snake. Mr. Varian watched him operate from nearby. Without hesitation, he plunged his hand and arm straight down into the hole. When he withdrew it there was an extremely angry reptile in his grasp,coiling like a flash around his arm as soon as it was free of the hole. The man had evidently caught it too far back and it had sufficient freedom to raise its head and strike its fangs hard into the fleshy part between the African's thumb and first finger. He gripped it gently with the other hand and withdrew the fangs, but itfreed its head and struck once more, close to the original wound. A few minutes later he had the reptile completely under control, resting coiled up on his outstretched hands, and so brought it towards Mr. Varian to be examined, Mr. Varian informed the African that he had seen enough, and he had better kill it and got rid of it. The snake specialist replied, "If he killed it the next one he encountered would retaliate and kill him". So he walked a couple of hundred yards away from the path and tossed the snake carefully with both hands into the long grass and returned at once to his pick and shovel work. Mr. Varian saw him again on several consecutive days after that. The wound healed in a healthy manner. Mr. Varian tried to extract the secret from him, but he said the fellow mistrusted the White Man and refused to give away<br /></div> information.<br /><br /><div style="text-align: justify;"> As previously stated, when the railway was taken over from the contractors Pauling & Company in 1900, Colonel Beal was its first manager. He resided in Umtali. In 1901 dr. Charles Wibberley from the Argentine Railways was appointed General Manager, With him came Mr. Alexis Solely who afterwards succeeded Mr, A.M. Moore as Chief Resident Engineer. A survey was made at the time to see what<br /></div><br /><span style="font-size:85%;"> Page 53</span><br /><br /><div style="text-align: justify;">possibilities there were of a rail track between Umtali and Penhalonga to serve the Penhalonga and Rezende gold mines. Mr. Varian surveyed this project but considered it would be too costly, the only possible route being over the Pass which would necessitate a steep gradient, and then a tunnel. Mr. Varian, however, relates his experiences While undertaking the survey. "The Pass was noted for lions and several incidents have been recorded. It is related that a man had out- spanned his cart and six mules near the top of the Pass, and had fallen asleep under the cart. He was taken by lions and never heard of again, although the mules were not touched".<br /></div><br /><div style="text-align: justify;"> One night Mr.. Varian was in his bell tent whilst surveying the Pass, his Africans being camped a few yards away from him. He had no gun with him and only his little rough-haired dog, Vicky. He was fast asleep when he was awakened by the loud protests of baboons in the rocks down the Penhalonga side of the valley. This meant lions or leopards were after them. The Africans stopped their chattering, and replenished the fires. They were evidently listening as intently as he was. Then came, the unmistakable rumbling, the cough and smell of the lion. It seemed to be coming towards them and Vicky remained perfectly mute. Varian lit a candle and the rumbling came quite close and then stopped. He realised that the lion had begun to take serious interest and tried to disguise where he was by placing his muzzle close to the ground and producing a light blowing sound. The only indication of his whereabouts came from Vicky. She suddenly became rigid, her back up and well Up on her toes. Varian leaned over the side of the stretcher, striving to catch any sound from outside, intently watching Vicky, especially, as he had been told that a lion invariably jumped, on a tent and knocked it down. Vicky, still at dead point, began to revolve slowly like a compass needle, round the walls of the tent, moving each foot in turn in the same position. Still no sound from outside. Twice she made a complete turn, which seemed an eternity to the listener. At that time Varian was literally sweating with fear, and then came the first sound from the direction of Vicky's pointing. Fortunately for them the lion, having encircled the tent and moved round by both scent and sound, decided that the hunt for dogs meat was off, after which the little dog began to relax.<br /></div><br /><div style="text-align: justify;"> A last the railway reached Umtali in February 1898, The narrow gauge track of twenty two pound weight rails would today resemble one of those children's railways to be seen at amusement parks. However, it managed to deal with the traffic before being replaced, a couple of years later, by the standard 3' 6" gauge line. The replacement was carried out in record time, and completed in about six months, compared with the original construction period of five and a half years.<br /></div><br /><div style="text-align: justify;"> The great day came after years of waiting. The whole of Umtali was present to witness tho arrival of the first train to enter Umtali station. Everybody was laughing and talking enthusiastically,, looking down the line for the first glimpse of the train. The flags flying throughout Umtali proclaimed that it was a red-letter day in the history of the Colony, a day never to be forgotten. Many lives had been lost and the devotion to duty on the part of those remaining had distinguished the construction of the line. With dogged determination men had overcome great obstacles and difficulties. The line had bean laid through jungles, swampy regions bedeviled with malaria and infested with tsetse fly. These had taken their toll.<br /></div><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">Page 54</span><br /><br /><div style="text-align: justify;">Here was an achievement which called for recognition - an achievement as outstanding as any yet accomplished in Southern Africa.<br /></div><br /><div style="text-align: justify;"> As the whistle sounded in the distance, it caused a few minutes of tormenting suspense, and then a burst of applause rang out as the engine, decorated with bunting, whistling and puffing, slid into the wood and iron station. As it came to a halt the crowd went wild, shouting and cheering joyfully. I was present at the time. To those onlookers it must have been hard to believe that this link with the coast had at last been established, and in consequence they could now expect more than the bare necessities, which had been their lot up to this time. A celebration committee had been formed, and sports festivities, a rifle competition, etc. organised. A ball and banquet had been planned to take place in the Court House. A sale of stands was in the offing, and so the day, crowded with hilarious events, ended.<br /></div><br /><div style="text-align: justify;"> Gradually the novelty of seeing the train arriving wore off, and all settled down again to continue a normal existence, but now with rosier prospects for the future. One incident worth repeating was when Rhodes first met Lawley and it gave an insight into the nature of those two prominent men. Lawley was at a construction camp at the time. Rhodes quite inexcusably became excited, and began to abuse Lawley in the presence of the whole camp until, as Pauling records, by a gradual crescendo of un-parliamentary language, Rhodes reached his highest falsetto tones. Lawley had to retain his hold over his men and their respect for him, so without hesitation he asked Rhodes who the hell he thought he was, and told him in a flood of railway vernacular that there was no necessity for him to squeal like a damned rabbit. It was the best thing he could have done - Rhodes respected him for standing up to him and after this episode they became and remained good friends.<br /></div><br /><div style="text-align: justify;"> Twelve months from the date of the arrival of the railway at Umtali, it reached Salisbury. This section of one hundred and seventy miles (31 6" gauge) was built under the aegis of the Manicaland Railway Company and all the materials were transported over the Beira railway.<br /></div><br /><div style="text-align: justify;"> Umtali received a great boost when the railway arrived, as the officials decided that the workshops should be erected in Umtali, as being near the coast it would be very convenient. This entailed not only the building of large sheds where engines could be overhauled, but also building houses for the staff. The General Manager, Mr. Wibberley, was allotted a double-storey building in the centre of large grounds. Afterward Mr. Dan Livingstone took over from Mr. Wibberley.<br /></div> Others on the staff were Mr. Hosgood, Mr. Huxtable, and Dr. Stewart who was the first Railway doctor, succeeded by Dr. Craven. Eventually Mr. Uibberley's residence became the Railway sports grounds where tennis and bowls were the chief games.<br /><br /><div style="text-align: justify;"> The railway shops certainly did add to Umtali's population. Even today many of the old houses put up for the employees remain standing and occupied. At a later date the main workshops were moved to Bulawayo and this was a bitter disappointment for little Umtali, as a great number of residents left. However, some of the workshops remain today. The workshops proved very beneficial and maintained the rolling stock and locomotives on the Beira-Umtali lines.<br /></div><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">Page 55</span><br /><br /><div style="text-align: justify;">On December 12th, 1916 a meeting was called by the railway workers to form a branch of the Railway Workers' Union in Umtali: Mr. H. Nathues (acting Chairman), Messrs Eades (acting Secretary) Miller, Mayor Dawson, Rey, with Messrs. I. Gates and Eickhoff invited guests). Membership in Bulawayo was one hundred and eighty. Salisbury eighty seven and in Umtali, after the meeting twenty two new members were enlisted. It was made clear that they were not forming a society against their employers, but against those who would prevent them getting what these employers gave them. After the meeting Mr. Eickhoff responded to an appeal for a few words: "It was resolved that the meeting heartily agreed with the views expressed and all were prepared to join and remain members of the Union and support the delegates in every way. In thanking the General Manager it was appreciated the way he met the deputation in September last".<br /></div><br />End of Chapter<br /><br /><span style="font-size:85%;"><span style="font-weight: bold;font-size:100%;" ><a href="http://memoriesofmanicaland.blogspot.com/2010/10/a1-index.html">Click Here To Return to Index</a></span><br /><br />Recompiled, by Eddy Norris, from a copy of the booklet made available by Neill Storey. Thanks Neill.<br /><br />The recompilation was done for no or intended financial gain but rather to record the memories of Rhodesia.<br /><br />The family of the author have given permission for ORAFs to load this booklet onto the Internet.<br />Thanks top the family and special thanks to Heather Curran.<br /><br />Thanks to<br />Paul Norris for the ISP sponsorship.<br />Paul Mroz for the image hosting sponsorship.<br />Robb Ellis for his assistance.<br /><br />Should you wish to contact Eddy Norris please mail him <a href="mailto:orafs11@gmail.com">orafs11@gmail.com</a></span><a href="mailto:orafs11@gmail.com"></a>Rhodesia Rememberedhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06644511584084003690noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2546971602804416656.post-52740910312756681372010-10-11T09:54:00.012+02:002010-10-21T13:39:46.144+02:007: THE DUST SETTLES DOWN<span style="font-size:85%;">Page 43</span><br /><br />CHAPTER 7<br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold;"> THE DUST SETTLES DOWN</span><br /><br /><div style="text-align: justify;"> The Moodie trek began in 1892 and in the same year, on the 10th August, the Beira Railway contract was signed. This naturally caused a stir in Manicaland as at last there were definite signs that the railroad would one day reach Old Umtali. Hopes were raised and interest was revived in the empty site witch was being reserved for a station. All looked forward to that happy day when the first train would arrive at this station.<br /></div><br /><div style="text-align: justify;"> This would bring the settlers many of the amenities of life which they longed for. A year later things seemed to have developed more rapidly as seventy five miles of the first section of the line from Beira was completed and actually opened for traffic. This section was fairly simple, as the narrow-gauge from Fontesville to Chimoio was replaced by the standard width. Another advancement and a sign of the times was that telephone communications were now expanding and Old Umtali was connected up to Salisbury. On,the other side of the coin, trouble was brewing and there were very serious signs of unrest among the Africans which could not be overlooked, and would no doubt have considerable impact on succeeding events. Added to this, and further to complicate matters further the dreaded disease rinderpest had broken out in Manicaland. As the country depended entirely on ox transport, it was thrown into chaos and confusion as animals were drying rapidly and in many instances wagons., with all the belongings on board, were left stranded. Not only was this devastation as far as cattle were concerned, but rinderpest swept through Africa taking its full toll of wild life as well.<br /></div><br /><div style="text-align: justify;"> Buffaloes were especially herd hit. The large herds of game, on what is now known as the Gorongoza game reserve, and the surrounding country suffered greatly. A large herd of buffalo numbering several thousand was reduced to about a hundred! These animals kept to the thick bush during the day and only came out to graze at night. Large herds of other animals also suffered great losses.<br /></div><br /><div style="text-align: justify;"> Those seven eventful years from the time of the occupation were now over and the dust from the rebellion was beginning to settle. The population of Manicaland, after their upheaval and anxiety, had settled down and had resumed life from where it had been interrupted, determined to make a success in this new country.<br /></div><br /><div style="text-align: justify;"> The roads were open once more and although still being hampered by the lack of transport owing to the rinderpest, Zeederberg's coaches mare on the move again. A number of those stranded in the Salisbury laager, especially women and children, were able to return to Umtali.<br /></div><br /><div style="text-align: justify;"> Following Earl Grey, who took over the position of Administrator from Jameson (after his unsuccessful raid), was Sir W.H. Milton, This was in 1901.<br /></div><br /><div style="text-align: justify;"> Now people's minds returned once more to the railway and Rhodes had already given orders for the railway to be built from Beira to Manicaland, and promised that this would pass through Umtali where a station site had been selected.<br /></div><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">Page 44</span><br /><br /><div style="text-align: justify;">Naturally around this area stands were in great demand and quite a number taken up. The railway was gradually creeping up from Portuguese East Africa to Manicaland at a tremendous toll of human and animal life. Hundreds of European, Indians, Africans and animals had died from fever and tsetse fly, and from every conceivable disease. Umtalians were profoundly interested in the progress of the railway for it could solve many of their problems. It would bring civilization; they would no longer have to manage with barest necessities, making do with packing case furniture and living in primitive conditions. At the moment it was somewhat of a problem as far as Umtali was concerned, as an inadequate hospital had to deal with many urgent cases coming from the lowveld, whilst the railway was being built.<br /></div><br /><div style="text-align: justify;"> Rhodes periodically visited Umtali. As we know he was very fond of seclusion, and his attention was drawn to Inyanga. It was in 1892 that D. Mc Adam explored Inyanga district, and was so impressed that in 1892 he returned with a party of Umtali men. They all pegged farms. In 1895 George Pauling, then in charge of public works, made roads to give access to these farms. Lieutenant Cripps had already beaconed 'Cloudlands' in 1894 in his capacity of Manager of Manhattan Syndicate of Mashonaland. He was granted titles to nine farms in the Inyanga district.<br /></div><br /><div style="text-align: justify;"> The Dutch settlement in Inyanga began in 1897. Doornhoek was granted to C.V. Strydon, Floknek to R. Botha and Summerhoek to R. Bekker.<br /></div><br /><div style="text-align: justify;"> Rhodes visited Inyanga in 1896 and was very impressed with the country. He visited J.C. McDowell in order to purchase one hundred thousand acres, which became two most notable farms comprising Rhodes Inyanga Estate. Rhodes loved Inyanga. The area was a continuing favourite with him. He must have revelled in the horizon wide vistas of mountains, green forests and: plains, and the clear pure air. After reclining in his. armchair for long hours, planning the future of this country named after him, Rhodes would stroll along winding footpaths where the mountains gave birth to a thousand streamlets which combined to form rushing rivers cascading into deep valleys.<br /></div><br /><div style="text-align: justify;"> Men lived here long, long ago, and over many square miles are the ruins marking an occupation that commenced about two thousand years ago. The name, Inyanga is said to come from Nyanga, meaning 'horns' because the old witch doctor who once lived in the area was distinguished by his necklace which he used for fortune telling. This consisted of small horns and hakatas which he always wore.<br /></div><br /><div style="text-align: justify;"> Rhodes established two orchards himself. His house, stables and sheds to accommodate his carts, wagons and farm machinery were all built of stone, and remain to this day.<br /></div><br /><div style="text-align: justify;"> From 1896 Inyanga was the headquarters of E Troop, who were in charge of this district, guarding the construction of the Trans Continental Telegraph line which kept Rhodes informed when away from headquarters. This line linked up Salisbury to Inyanga, and was being continued to Tete. In the quiet of Inyanga, Rhodes planned one of his most ambitious projects - the possibility of a railway line to Rhodesia. He realised it was impractical to bring the railway nine miles out-of its way through mountainous country to the site of the Old Umtali Township.<br /></div><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">Page 45</span><br /><br /><div style="text-align: justify;">March 1896 was a milestone in the. history of Umtali, for on the 26th of that month Rhodes, whilst camping, in Umtali with J. Grimmer and with faithful Tony the cook, called a meeting, much to the surprise of the inhabitants, as usually he was loath to take part in such functions. It was a well represented meeting, and before the gathering he disclosed the pros-and cons regarding the cost of bringing the line to the Township. As already stated, the mountains were the great handicap. So it was essential to take the line through the valley over the Nemashira range in a north-westerly direction from what is known as the top of Leslies. This was the line to reach a point on the Odzi River where a bridge could be constructed. To divert the railway from the main line and bring it to the Old Umtali township would have entailed an extra distance of twenty four miles. The extra cost would have amounted to practically four thousand five hundred, pounds-per mile, i.e. one hundred and eighty thousand pounds as this twenty four miles necessitated going over Christmas Pass and would have included a tunnels too much for a struggling community.<br /></div><br /><div style="text-align: justify;"> Therefore, it was proposed to move the Old Umtali Township to a suitable site on the direct line to the Odzi River. This new township was to be a replica of the Old Umtali, so that all present owners of stands would have a corresponding position in the new township, and also that sufficient commonage and water would be available. Other considerations being that valuations had to be made of the existing buildings, and the owners of' the houses had to be approached about the proposed pay-out for their properties, otherwise the British South Africa Company would-have erected similar buildings in the new township.<br /></div><br /><div style="text-align: justify;"> The Government then promised to build Government buildings and hospitals in the new township, and provide a sum not exceeding three thousand pounds for a water supply. Even so, after purchasing farms from the farmers, land necessary for the town commonage and water rights, if any, assuming such amounts were fifty six thousand pounds, the sum was more than covered by the construction of the railway line direct to the Odzi.<br /></div><br /><div style="text-align: justify;"> Rhodes commented, after having visited the site selected for the new township by the Site Selection Committees "I .went over them and considered them unsuitable, it being in my opinion unhealthy, and as the health bf the public who would live in the area is most important, I propose the site on the Sable Valley farm which is, in my opinion, one of the healthiest spots that could be chosen in the neighbourhood. So the proposition was put to the residents, who had no alternative but to conform. A few of them who had recently built their houses were now compelled to pull them down again and transport them to the new town, and were not enthusiastic about the new site. Others realised that the proposals would benefit them and that the railway was the main factor.<br /></div><br /><div style="text-align: justify;"> Mr. Rhodes, having clarified most matters, interviewed everyone who had a problem. When the meeting was concluded the majority appeared to be satisfied, although the few dissidents were still vocal. After gathering' at their various meeting places, mainly the hotels, discussions continued into the early hours of the morning!<br /></div><br /><div style="text-align: justify;"> Not long after this the old town looked forsaken and derelict, with roofless buildings lacking doors and windows. Clouds of dust rose from wagons ladened with wood, iron and household goods making their way towards the steep gradients of the Christmas Pass.<br /></div><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">Page 46</span><br /><br /><div style="text-align: justify;">The settlers, had to contend with hazardous roads before reaching the new site, and on arriving, buildings of every conceivable size and shape were already being constructed, and irregularly spaced along each side of Main Street. Any old piece of iron, wood and timber went into the buildings. Wattle and daub with thatched roofs were most prominent, as these materials were easily obtainable. But there was no doubt that the population of some one hundred and fifty Europeans was getting down to it. Their stands having been allotted to them, they had no intention of sitting down and complaining, waiting for the completion of the railway to bring them materials. The inhabitants made the best of what was to hand. They were so occupied with their own interests that they scarcely noticed new arrivals, and they were greeted with only an occasional wave of the hand.<br /></div><br /><div style="text-align: justify;"> All amenities such as water, lights etc, had to be considered and the first Sanitary Board meeting was held in September 1897under the chairmanship of Major Scott-Turner, where it was noted that: "H.R. Fairbridge who owned twenty acres, Mr. Cripps ten acres, Messrs. Snodgrass and Mitchell one morgen, would be reimbursed".<br /></div><br /><div style="text-align: justify;"> No such grant should be located anywhere within one and a half miles of the township. And on June 15th 1897 it was resolved: "That Main Street retain its former name, 4th Street became Queen Street, 2nd Street became Victoria Street, 3rd Street became Rhodes Street, 5th Street became Park Street. That the streets laid out above the Railway reserve be named: Railway Street, main Street, Turner Street, Jameson Street, and that the residential plots in the south of the town be collectively named Darlington". The first suburb Darlington originally belonged to the Bulawayo Estates and Trust Company and the land was expropriated. As regards water supply, Mr. Tulloch reported that an expert was on his way from California. Minimum ten acre plots were granted for three years, provided they did not interfere with the flow of water.<br /></div><br /><div style="text-align: justify;"> Hastily constructed buildings necessary to the administration of the town were speedily erected. Those included the office of the Civil Commissioner and Magistrate.. A photograph shows a small thatched hut, beside it a building of wood and iron. This was the Civil Commissioner's office. Other buildings of wood and iron were Mrs. Hayne's tearoom, Corderoy & Reynolds Store, more elaborate, but also of wood and iron. The Cecil Hotel was a plain block building without a verandah, constructed of wood and iron, the front portion being a bar. The adjoining rooms behind consisted of two or three bedrooms with a small iron shelter for the manager. A year later a more elaborate hotel was built - a double storey of brick, with an iron roof. There was the King's Arms Hotel, which afterwards became the Academy School and the first boarding school in Manicaland.<br /></div><br /><div style="text-align: justify;"> Rhodes had promised that the railway station would be erected in what was known as Orange Grove, due east of Main Street adjacent to the Park, more conveniently a quarter of a mile from the Government buildings, thus being accessible, but owing to engineering difficulties this was not carried out. The station was erected a mile further down the Park Road.<br /></div><br /><div style="text-align: justify;"> A number of other important buildings were started in 1897. Foremost of these was Adams Hotel in which Rhodes took a great interest, and agreed that the Public Works Department should superintend the building of it, and eventually the hotel became the Umtali Club in 1900, which remains to this day.<br /></div><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">Page 47</span><br /><br /><div style="text-align: justify;">Other important buildings such as the Government Offices, the Residency, the Drill Hall with all its stables, and the Stock Exchange were in the process of being built at that time. The Goal seems to have had priority, and we find that owing to the importance of forging ahead with the building programme, workmen who were serving goal sentences were allowed out on parole during the day to carry on their work. In the evenings they were obliged to report back, and often could be seen knocking on the goal door seeking admittance.<br /></div><br /><div style="text-align: justify;"> The Kopje House Hospital was another building of great importance, and it was also started in that: year. In 1897 Old Umtali patients, who were able to be transported, were admitted, and a great many men from the construction of the railway from Beira. It is worth noting that the Odzi Railway Bridge was also being built at that time.<br /></div><br /><div style="text-align: justify;"> All were proud that such a beautiful site had been chosen for the new town, and the centre for Manicaland. Mountains surrounded a large valley where the little town was springing up. Down the mountain sides ran streams of refreshing water, through ferns and dense forests, streams that when harnessed would supply the town's immediate needs. It is scarcely believable today that the Park river known as Sakubva was once a clear, running stream, and those who had not already dug wells for themselves chose their supplies from either the Park river or the Blacksmith's Spruit, whichever was more convenient. The same old water carts brought from the old township were being used. Others regarded this as only a temporary measure and satisfied themselves with drums on sledges, the sledges being made out of forks from trees, all conveyances being drawn by oxen, mules or donkeys.<br /></div><br /><div style="text-align: justify;"> Blacksmith Spruit was named after a nearby blacksmith's firm, McIntosh & Falla, who were renowned for the making of wagons, carts etc, and also shoeing horses. The stream itself was known to contain gold for a nugget of immense size was found there,. However, there was no doubt that the area on which Umtali has been built is rich in gold, as quartz containing gold was picked up in its streets at one time. This may account for the finding of numerous stone mortars inthe vicinity. The largest one was found, near, the site of the Club and this one has been placed before the Pioneer Monument in Market' Square.<br /></div><br /><div style="text-align: justify;"> The aforesaid Park river afterwards became known as Black Water Spruit - a very undeserving name - just because at that time malaria cases developed into blackwater and it was thought that the water from the stream was responsible. To simplify the situation regarding drinking water, the Sanitary Board sank a borehole in the Market Square, and this became the old-time village pump, and was very much in demand.<br /></div><br /><div style="text-align: justify;"> During this period when the town was in the process of being built,, animals began to object to the seizure of their former habitat by man and seemed determined to oust the intruders. Lions and leopards became a serious menace, and went so far as to kill and eat a donkey in Main Street in front of the newly erected Post Office. Those animals frequently visited the town at night when all was quiet, taking dogs from verandahs, and fowls from the yards, pigs from their sties, and occasionally killing a cow and a calf near a homestead. An alarm aroused the inhabitants one moonlight night. Never before was there such a commotion. An Umtali resident had set a jaw spring<br /></div><br /><div style="text-align: justify;"><div style="text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-size:85%;">Page 48</span><br /><div style="text-align: justify;"><br />trap which he tied by chain to a paraffin tin, A lion or leopard caught his foot in the contraption and went tearing down Main Street terrified, the paraffin tin following and making an unearthly din, and -waking all the inhabitants. They rushed out, uncertain of what was happening, armed to the teeth, only to see the enraged animal roaring and growling as it disappeared down the street.<br /><br />Every night a toll bell was rung at nine o'clock in the evening, from the Police Station. The Africans without passes to remain out were prosecuted, this being a safeguard to prevent crime, as there were still some lawless characters about after the rebellion.<br /><br />Before proceeding further, a word about the Stock Exchange and the Tramway Company, two impressive projects which took shape in the early days of Manicaland and are unique in its history.<br /><br />The Stock Exchange was inaugurated in Old Umtali and in 1895 was encouraged by the optimism resulting from mining activities in the district, A meeting was held at the Royal Hotel with Mr. D.J. Mitchell as President and the assemblage numbering some forty persons. It was agreed that syndicate shares be twenty five pounds, of which five pounds would be called up forthwith. The Committee elected was as follows: .Messrs. Suter, D.J. Mitchell, A. Tulloch, G.B. Mitchell, A.L. Bluech, J.B. Graham and A.L. Lazarus. Again in 1897 we hear of another meeting held in New Umtali when it was stated that the imposing double storey building was nearing completion. This was situated next to Government buildings. It has often been remarked that the Stock Exchange must have been a white elephant. On the contrary, mining in those days was thriving, and some mines in Penhalonga were exceptionally good. Therefore, at this meeting held in the Cecil Hotel, when Mr. Alec Low presided, there were 5,195 shares out of issued capital,of 8,750. Present were Mr. Lazarus, Mr. A.J. Lawley, Dr. Howarth (Director Elect), A.L. Bloech, A. Tulloch and Mr. Alex Fox (Auditor). The Stock Exchange thrived right up to 1924, its final year, when Umtali area alone produced two hundred and ten pounds, twelve shillings. After that the Stock market gradually declined, when it was realised that Umtali was not going to be a second Johannesburg.<br /><br />Umtali can boast of being the only town in the country that once possessed a Tramway Company and a tramway! When one hears of such ambitious projects taking place before the railway arrived, one is astounded, but cannot help admiring these early settlers for making the most of every opportunity presented to them. Although they may not have achieved great results, these early Rhodesians had resourcefulness and courage. The idea was to lay down a two foot gauge line and for draught purposes use oxen or mules. This would convey material and necessary goods up and down Main Street in trolleys, and a tramcar could be utilized for passengers. When the railway arrived the trolleys would be greatly in demand.<br /><br />A capital of five thousand pounds was needed, which was immediately forthcoming and vouched for by Charles Goldring (store-keeper), Mr. S. Tulloch (auctioneer), C. Welssenburn (farmer), Alfred W. Suiter (merchant), J.A. Cope-Christie (architect), W.H. Lang (clerk), James Henty Jeffries (mining engineer) and the Lime Company Limited, each subscribing one hundred shares. It was greatly oversubscribed. Provision for a passenger service was made at sixpence a mile. The Sanitary Board did not mind where the line was laid, provided it was properly done, and did not interfere with<br /><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">Page 49<br /></span><br />traffic. The plant was actually landed at Beira in August 1897, but as the railway was not yet completed work on the tramway was not started until July 1901 by Mr. George Hall, the contractor. He carried out the work smoothly and with plenty of labourers, the line was practically completed in a month, from the Railway Station to the top end of the town. The following day after completion, Mr. Hall invited the residents to make the journey over the new track on trolleys, and thus the first passengers were carried on a street tramway in Rhodesia. Ballasting took a couple more weeks and then the line was ready for the official opening. The passenger cars were supplied by Jackson Sharp & Company, United States of America, each nineteen feet long and seating' eighteen passengers, and drawn by two mules. As these cars were too heavy for the track and too slow, passengers preferred to walk. However, on occasions it was put to use when the children found out where it was stationed collecting fares and pretending the tram was moving. Another amusing occasion was when a visiting football team fetched the tram car from where it was stationed and pushed it all the way up Main Street. When they arrived at the Club their thirst got the better of them and they entered for a drink. The tram car was forgotten and remained, stationary just outside the Club for a vary long time. The Sanitary Board considered it was the duty of the Club to return it to its quarters, and the Club put the onus on the Tramway Company. However after about a year of argumentation the tram car was somehow returned.<br /><br />The line: was a great convenience when the railway arrived. It was a common sight to see a driver urging his oxen to and from the station with two or three heavily ladened trolleys linked together, and occasionally after the oxen had been unhitched the empty, unattended trolleys could be seen tearing down Main Street out of control, until they reached the railway, ,much tv the consternation of the public.<br /><br />It is interesting to note that the first travelling theatre to visit Umtali in 1904 was the Sass & Nelson Company, using six trolleys to convoy their effects to and from the station and tho Royal Hotel. This was a tremendous thrill for Umtali. The Royal Hotel boasted a fairly large stage, and was made use of on many occasions, especially for childrens plays. However, when the Travelling Company arrived and their intention was to stay a week in Umtali, and put up a new play every night, there was an influx from far and wide, most people booking for the whole week. Such plays as "The Bell of Now York","Merry Widow", etc. with a change of scenes, were much appreciated by all. The town returned to normal after they had gone, and people were left feeling flat and weary after a week of intense excitement and enjoyment.<br /><br />The tramway succeeded until 1914 when gradually more and more motor lorries appeared on the streets to cart goods, and so the tramway, which was in early years considered a great success, became a liability. Ultimately, in 1919, a prominent townsman, Mr. John Meikle, director and shareholder, remarked, "Great things were expected of the tramway as a dividend paying proposition.- This was true optimism".<br /><br />And so under adverse conditions the little town of Umtali gradually progressed, from what looked like a cowboy village to a modern town. The hurriedly built temporary buildings were being replaced with more substantial structures. Mr. Engelbrecht was responsible for the first brick machine being imported, and thus he encouraged the building of brick buildings. He was also given<br /><br /><div style="text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-size:85%;">Page 50</span><br /></div></div></div><br />permission by the Sanitary Board to lay out his brick-fields on the site which is now known as Riverside area. On one occasion a lion chased a donkey over some freshly made bricks spread on the ground to dry, before being killed. A great many were spoiled in the hunt, but some very good specimens of the lion's spoor remained. A few of these, after being baked, were displayed in the Club.<br /><br />Engelbrecht's own house was unique, as the walls were built of bottles, which were easy to come by as hotels, etc. were only too pleased to get rid of them. The only drawback to living in a glass house was that stones might be thrown at it, but this did not prevent boys with catapults from shooting at it. Eventually Engelbrecht was obliged to plaster up the walls, which he did, except the gables. The building remains standing today and is still being lived in, which is amazing. Other buildings built at that time are too numerous to describe individually, except for one or two which may be of interest to the reader.<br /><br />The house known as "Three Steps" in 14th Avenue, originally belonged to Mrs. Lily Fisher, who became well known as "Granny Fisher". She lived on her farm whilst Old Umtali was still in existence. Cecil Rhodes bought her farm which became part of the New Umtali commonage. Within reach of her old homestead she built "Three Steps", the first . modern dwelling house in. Umtali. She afterwards sold it to Mr. T.B. Hulley, the Assistant Magistrate and Native Commissioner in ., Umtali. When he retired, Mr. Johnnie Holland took it over. Like most properties in town, there were no restrictions, you could make as much use of adjoining ground as you wished, and keep horses, mules, donkeys or cattle and graze them on the commonage.<br /><br />Before concluding,' mention must be made of the homestead known as "Utopia". From Old Umtali, where he lived in huts with his wife and family, Mr. Fairbridge, an experienced surveyor, having a free choice, selected a site for himself on a hill overlooking the town. As he had very little capital, or materials for building purposes he had to improvise with stones, poles and thatch, like his follow settlers. When the stone walls of the house were about three-or four feet-high Mr. Fairbridge realised that the rainy season was approaching so he planted poles all around the basement of the uncompleted walls, to support a thatched roof. Between the supporting poles he hung reed mats! For many years the building remained in this plight and was known as the house with doors but no walls. Mr. Fairbridge was the father of Kingsley Fairbridge. Kingsley had a very hard life as a child and few facilities for education, but he determined to pursue his studios, which he did with the help of the Rev. Roxburgh, the first Church of England clergyman in Umtali. Eventually Kingsley completed his education at Oxford.<br /><br />In the early stages of his life he, like many others, decided on filling the empty, open spaces with young men who had received a course in agriculture. However, his ideas were too premature. The country was striving for existence and without capital or markets such a visionary venture was bound to fail. It was while Kingsley was at Oxford that a scheme to start his project in Australia took shape, and he was able to put it into practice. It proved to be very successful. A similar scheme was started in Bulawayo during the Second World War and was named Kingsley Fairbridge School, commemorating Kingsley's pioneer achievements.<br /><br />End of Chapter 7<br /><br /><span style="font-size:85%;"><span style="font-weight: bold;font-size:100%;" ><a href="http://memoriesofmanicaland.blogspot.com/2010/10/a1-index.html">Click Here To Return to Index</a></span><br /><br />Recompiled, by Eddy Norris, from a copy of the booklet made available by Neill Storey. Thanks Neill.<br /><br />The recompilation was done for no or intended financial gain but rather to record the memories of Rhodesia.<br /><br />The family of the author have given permission for ORAFs to load this booklet onto the Internet.<br />Thanks top the family and special thanks to Heather Curran.<br /><br />Thanks to<br />Paul Norris for the ISP sponsorship.<br />Paul Mroz for the image hosting sponsorship.<br />Robb Ellis for his assistance.<br /><br />Should you wish to contact Eddy Norris please mail him <a href="mailto:orafs11@gmail.com">orafs11@gmail.com</a></span><br /></div>Rhodesia Rememberedhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06644511584084003690noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2546971602804416656.post-2109255573447725802010-10-08T09:32:00.030+02:002010-10-21T13:40:13.163+02:006: FIRST TREKS INTO MANICALAND<span style="font-size:85%;">Page 28</span><br /><br />CHAPTER 6<br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">FIRST TREKS INTO MANICALAND</span><br /><br /><div style="text-align: justify;">It became evident that affairs in Old Umtali were at a standstill. Patience was needed, as much progress could not be expected without railways and roads, and on top of this a great calamity hit the small community. This was the rinderpest. As ox transport was the only means of transport everything seemed to be in abeyance. But before proceeding further let us digress for a short while, and see how Umtali fared in the face of apparent disaster.<br /></div><br /><div style="text-align: justify;">The ambition of man to explore is continuous, and one of the earliest groups of settlers arrived in 1891. At that time Rhodes was doing his utmost to encourage people to come to Rhodesia and take up land. One of the first groups consisted of Laurence van der Byl and his party of twenty five young men (Cape Colonists).<br /></div><br /><div style="text-align: justify;">They record a difficult journey to Salisbury, and from there resumed their way eastward towards Umtali, their intention being to take up land somewhere in the vicinity of Umtassa's kraal. The reason why they wore not sent further eastward was that uncertainty prevailed as to where the boundary between Portuguese East Africa and British territory would be placed.<br /></div><br /><div style="text-align: justify;">So van der Byl started his settlement in the Makoni district, the area now known as Rusape, the town itself having the same name. Temporary huts were built from materials at hand, whilst a search was made for suitable farms where people could settle. The weather conditions added to the general discomfort, and the initial zeal disappeared. Soon after the settlers were down with malaria and blackwater set in. They had never experienced such adverse conditions before. Laurence van der Byl was one of the first to succumb. In 1892, less than a year after arriving, he died at M'gopas. This was too much for the other settlers, and the group broke up and men dispersed.<br /></div><br /><div style="text-align: justify;">The reason given for the failure was ignorance and unpreparedness to meet the conditions of a new country, and secondly, the lack of any womenfolk to give stability and permanency. In spite of all this, the little town of Rusape, which developed out of the experiment, has proved that the hardships of these young men were not in vain.<br /></div><br /><div style="text-align: justify;">After them came Dunbar Moodie's trek. He certainly had been put through his paces by past experiences and hardships connected with the settlement of a new, unexplored country. As already stated, he escorted Jameson and Doyle when they undertook that hazardous expedition to find Gungunyana, and eventually succeeded in finding him and winning him over to the British. This roused the Portuguese and the demarkation of the boundaries was executed. It was agreedthat all the land around Melsetter known as Gazaland be ceded to the British. Now Noodle, well acquainted with this area, was determined that he and his people would occupy it. His impression was that it surpassed any other agricultural area he had previously seen, with green pastures, rivers, abounding perennial streams, and numerous game of all kinds. The land also seemed very fertile. There were forests with countless large trees suitable for cutting into boards for the structure of the settlers' homes. Bordering all this was the majestic Chimanimani mountain range where beautiful wild flowers abounded, and where birds and animals unknown to other regions were found.<br /></div><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">Page 29</span><br /><br /><div style="text-align: justify;">Moodie, having taken into consideration all these aspects, and being most impressed, immediately communicated with his friends in South Africa begging them to join forces with him and settle in this land of plenty. Rhodes inspired them further. "Go north, young men, your hinterland lies there."<br /></div><br /><div style="text-align: justify;"> It was when such promising accounts reached South Africa that the well established farmers were rather suspicious, and averse to venturing into the unknown. They considered 'a bird in the hand was better than two in the bush'. They reckoned it would be a long journey through the lowveld before they obtained their objectives; roads were non-existent, and wild animals, tsetse-fly and malaria were all hazards to be considered. Then on arrival, the high plateau which the settlers were expected to occupy, had no roads, and very little chance of a railway. But these glowing accounts of the life in the eastern part of Rhodesia were very unsettling, for at the back of men's minds was the lure of the unknown, and the love of adventure. Land was there for the asking, and to miss such an opportunity might affect them for the rest of their lives.<br /></div><br /><div style="text-align: justify;"> Cecil Rhodes realised that it was essential that there should be a buffer state between Manicaland and the Portuguese, so as to resist the menace of the native tribes encouraged by the settlement of the land. At the same time it was determined to choose carefully the intending settlers. If they were to be permanent, they must be accompanied by their wives and families. It would be no mean task, but an ordeal which required endurance and courage, and because of this Rhodes chose George Benjaman Dunbar Moodie, who had already proved himself by working for the Sabi Ophir Gold Mining Company in 1861.<br /></div><br /><div style="text-align: justify;"> It was in 1891 that Rhodes and Jameson decided that Dunbar Moodie should be encouraged to form the settlement in the Gazaland area, and to grant him seven farms, each about three thousand acres, with an annual rent of seventeen pounds ten shillings for the farms. Moodie was naturally pleased and enthusiastic.<br /></div><br /><div style="text-align: justify;"> He decided to return to the Free State as soon as he had mapped out the farms. He employed three men and told them during his absence to get on with the job, and build huts on each farm, so sure was he that he would have no difficulty in persuading Free State farmers to take up the land. Moodie's idea was to settle a hundred families in the area and Rhodes approved of the idea 'as it was just what he needed, and asked Moodie to keep in touch with him and visit him in Cape Town. He realised such a big venture would take considerable time to organise.<br /><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"> Dunbar Moodie, on arrival in the Free State, took his uncle Thomas Moodie into his confidence, giving him glowing accounts of the beautiful country which had untold possibilities.<br /></div><br /><div style="text-align: justify;"> Thomas Moodie's father, James Moodie, represented the Melsetter Clan. His forefathers had lived for generations at Melster in the Orkneys, therefore their estate in Rhodesia was later to be named Melsetter.<br /></div><br /><div style="text-align: justify;"> In 1892 a small deputation went to interview Rhodes. They thought the farms of three thousand acres too small, and suggested three thousand morgen would be more suitable, and also a reduction in quit-rent to six pounds per annum. To this Rhodes agreed, and sent Jameson a telegram to that effect.<br /></div><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">Page 30</span><br /><br /><div style="text-align: justify;">However, after Moodie had had several more meetings with his applicants for further aid it was agreed that each person be allowed seventy five pounds for farm equipment etc. but the Company turned this request down. So it seemed that the expedition was doomed to failure! But Moodie, being a determined character and a patriarch, would allow nothing to stand in his way and resolved to accept the responsibility for the trek. In view of the fact that no further assistance was forthcoming many farmers withdrew their names. Moodie was not deterred, and eventually mustered sixty or seventy adults, children, a baby, their grand parents and four servants, including cattle and horses.<br /></div><br /><div style="text-align: justify;"> He was glad to have Ernest du Plessis (a staunch supporter of Thomas Moodie) who was experienced as a transport rider, and an excellent organiser and also no stranger to Mashonaland. Dunbar Moodie decided to go by boat to Beira, and from there to travel to Salisbury to see Jameson, as it was necessary to supply the trekkers with arms and ammunition. They would be responsible for them in case of attack by hostile African tribes.<br /></div><br /><div style="text-align: justify;">In November 1892 the party set out from Fort Victoria into Manicaland. where Dunbar Moodie rejoined them. Previous to this the settlers had had numerous setbacks, which Dr. Olivier has so ably described in his book "Many treks made Rhodesia".<br /></div><br /><div style="text-align: justify;"> However, in spite of all the discouragement they endured they pressed on to the promised land. Arriving at the summit of a hill they looked down at its steeply descending sides. There seemed no hope of going any further as it was impossible for wagons to make an, progress. So these hardy travellers came to a halt and in desperation called it "Amen Heights"!<br /></div><br /><div style="text-align: justify;"> Once again, however, their despondency passed, hopes were revived and they refused to be beaten, and what is now the Moodie Pass was surmounted and overcome. It was a task of immense endurance which took four days to accomplish. They had to avoid large granite boulders and trees and to prevent wagons sliding and capsizing the wheels were secured to prevent them revolving. As one wagon at a time was let down, a team of strong men, after attaching ropes to its rear, held on to them with all their might to prevent the vehicle crashing down the hill and becoming a wreck. With all their efforts, strain and endurance all the wagons eventually reached the bottom of that hill and they continued their journey rejoicing. Being a sincere and religious people they thanked God for their deliverance and went on their way with thankful hearts.<br /></div><br /><div style="text-align: justify;"> A few days afterwards the travellers arrived at the Sabi, and looked upon the majestic river with amazement, its flow having been increased by the recent rains. The party had been notified before that the river was an obstacle to be surmounted, and it was possible that they would never reach the other side. There were quicksands and obscure crossings had to be carefully examined before proceeding. Dunbar Moodie was not a man to take risks. He was most concerned that their attempts to reach the opposite bank should not fail and was seen walking to his wagon with a bundle of flags. Mounting his horse he rode down into the river, expecting any minute to flounder into a quicksand, but he was fortunate. From island to island he went, seeing that the sand under his horse was firm and solid, at the same time erecting flags to indicate a safe route for the wagons to take. Unfortunately, the next morning when he looked around he<br /></div><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">Page 31</span><br /><br /><div style="text-align: justify;">found all his work undone. The river had risen and his flags were washed away and so he had to repeat the performance. This was no mean task. The sand banks on the opposite side were steep, therefore before proceeding it was necessary to cut a way through them. Eventually all was ready.</div><br /><div style="text-align: justify;">The first wagon to leave the river was that of Tom Moodie with his wife sitting by his side as a passenger, tense and worried, not knowing what the future held. However, those who were about to venture across watched their progress anxiously, and regained confidence when the wagon was soen to pull out on the opposite bank. The first four wagons managed successfully but after that, as the vehicles disturbed the sand under thorn, it was necessary to add extra teams of oxen to help them through, fill through the day the shouting and cracking of whips continued, and at four o'clock that afternoon the last wagon was safely pulled through to the opposite bank and there, under a large tree,next morning, the event was celebrated with thanks- giving. A few shots of dynamite were fired off, and to cap the proceedings the only case of liquor was produced. The most difficult crossing of the river was an event worth celebrating.</div><br />Throughout the journey there was no excessive drinking. The settlers abided by the rules set down before starting and in no way deviated from them.<br /><br /><div style="text-align: justify;">Now in Gazaland the boundary was between the Shangaans of Gungunyana and the Mahalakas, the former regarding Gazaland as their territory. Aware that there was bound to be conflict in approaching the border, preparations were made for any eventuality. It was just as well as it came sooner than expected for there were about four hundred indunas advancing on them in battle array. The trekkers stood their ground unflinchingly, and the oncoming Zulus realised that they had a formidable enemy to contend with, so called a halt within a hundred yards or so. They squatted down whilst their captain and two of his indunas went forward for consultation. On arrival the trekkers gathered round and were very annoyed by the leader, a burly heavyweight, who was most abusive, and threatened them by yelling and cursing, displaying his authority, demanding who had given them permission-to enter this country and why were they bringing their wagons and women with them? "This is our country" he shouted. Fortunately Tom Moodie had an interpreter with him who silently looked on and listened. "We must try and straighten things out", Moodie instructed the interpreter, "but this chap really needs taking down a peg or two".</div><br /><div style="text-align: justify;">It infuriated Moodie when the boastful captain refused to answer. In no uncertain terms Moodie affirmed that they had no intention of becoming subjects of any African leaders, they intended to remain in tho territory. This further infuriated the leader of the Shangaans. With wild threats he flung himself about describing what would happen to these white strangers if his commands were not obeyed. Tom Moodie stared at him calmly, and then called a party of his men together as if to consult them, but instead he ordered them to close in on the trouble maker and hold him down. The surprise on the culprit's face was almost laughable. He then realised the white men determination.. He had no alternative but to humble himself before them, and respect the stand they made.</div><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">Page 32</span><br /><br /><div style="text-align: justify;">However, on being released he left without comment. Evidently this incident was not repeated to his own men.<br /></div><br /><div style="text-align: justify;"> From that day on, after Moodie had assured this leader that he himself 'would be responsible for any misdeeds of his men, there was peace and harmony between opposing forces. The Shangaans even helped Moodie and his men cut a pass over the mountain.<br /></div><br /><div style="text-align: justify;"> This particular crossing took considerable time and trouble and Ernest du Plessis and Dunbar Moodie with two European volunteers had to go in advance, two days ahead, seeking a suitable way up. Those two volunteers, when contacting the local tribes, had to be very cautious as they were regarded with suspicion because of repeated raids on them by other tribes. On such occasions, unless taken unawares, the locals fled and deserted their kraals.<br /></div><br /><div style="text-align: justify;"> Dunbar Moodie and Ernest du Plessis happened to come across one of these deserted kraals late one afternoon and as they were tired, hungry and without food, they decided to camp there that night. So they settled down and boiled themselves some coffee. It seemed an answer to prayer when a couple of fowls made their appearance round the hut and asked to be slaughtered! They soon made an end to them and boiled them in an old clay pot. Next morning, well satisfied, they continued their survey work. After a couple of days the men happened to return to the same kraal with their two Shangaan assistants They managed to capture two of the terrified inhabitants. When they realised Moodie was eloquent in the Shangaan language, and was not the head of a raiding party, they soon recovered from their nervousness and ceased trembling. A new hut was provided for sleeping accommodation for Moodie and his companions. Very soon the pathetic members of the kraal returned. The women's faces were now free from fear, but the children shrank away from them with terror. In return for the killing of their fowls the two trekkers presented the owners of the fowls with two cartridge cases, which were greatly appreciated and kept for snuff holders. After this they brought another fowl in exchange for just one more.<br /></div><br /><div style="text-align: justify;"> This raiding episode is only one example of what was taking place all over Rhodesia in those early days. The local Africans were so intimidated by marauding parties that they were very fearful. Mr. du Plessis stated that he was convinced that the fear of lions and raiding armies were the two important factors which drove the natives to the white man for. protection and security.<br /></div><br /><div style="text-align: justify;"> In continuing the journey another pass had to be surmounted. At times it was necessary to couple up three spans of oxen to a wagon, with the men pushing in the rear, whilst the women walked, carrying small children.<br /></div><br /><div style="text-align: justify;"> It seems strange that the very day they reached the summit happened to be Christmas day, 1892. This was considered a good omen in spite of tho fact that they found there was no water, so du Plessis had to return down the mountain side with six donkeys in the dark to the Tanganda river to replenish their empty bags. Much to his disgust, after he had achieved his objective, scrambling through thickets with the risk of encountering lions, he found on his return that a good supply of fresh running water was within two hundred yards of the camp!<br /></div><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">Page 33</span><br /><div style="text-align: justify;"><br />Having celebrated Christmas the travellers mere obliged to halt for a few days to recuperate from the constant strain and hardship which they had to endure and had been detrimental to the health of the group. Dunbar Moodie was gradually recovering from a bout of malaria, whilst Tom Moodie was down with it.<br /><br />There was much excitement when they in-spanned-their oxen for: the last time. The fulfilment of their desires at last arrived when they saw before them the green grasslands of Chipinga and Melsetter. The reward which they so richly deserved had materialised and they looked upon it and rejoiced. The land before them surpassed all expectations; the travellers had not been misled by their leaders. The party had crossed the Sabi on the 13th December, taking twenty two days for them to reach their destination. It is remarkable that the trek which took eight months to complete, can now be traversed by car in less than three days!<br /><br />On arrival Tom Moodie was elected as Sheriff and saw to it that order was observed, and Ernest do Plessis was his deputy. There seems to have been some difficulty in the distribution of farms as the demarkation line between Portuguese East Africa and Rhodesia . had not yet been finalised. Mr. Moolman pegged his farm but Webster went so far to the-east and afterwards found out that he was one of those who had pegged in Portuguese territory.<br /><br />These were the forerunners of many other treks which' took place later,and will always be remembered in Manicaland history:<br /><br />Thomas and Cecilia Jocimina Moodie and children Martin, Thomas, Harriet, James, Boyce, Charles, George and Gan.<br />Sarah Moodie and her husband George Benjamin Dunbar Moodie.<br />Ernest du Plessis.<br />Henry Ashput.<br />Ernest Baden.<br />Richard Dick; Hulley.<br />Mr. Knok.<br />Fred Markham.<br />Jan Oberholster.<br />Gustav Stiebel.<br /><br />The settlers who came after the Moodie trek had equally trying ordeals and must always be remembered in Manicaland history. In 1893 the Moolman-Webster trek took place. Johannes Nicolaas Moolman had his wife with him and his three children and a young man named Hartkopff to assist him, and a Joseph Webster an Englishman who had lived in South Africa for many years, also accompanied them.<br /><br />Leaving Fort Victoria, owing to the onset cf the Matabele rebellion, the Jan Moolman family linked up with them. Mr. Moolman had received enthusiastic and glowing accounts about the wonderful country of Gazaland, so he saddled his horse and was off to see for himself. On his return he was well satisfied, and considered it a marvellous country, and he and Webster immediately contacted Dr. Jameson who was only too pleased for them to link up with their predecessors and the Moodies, and acquire farms for themselves. This party eventually reached the Moodie farm at Waterfalls, having had a fierce fight with the Matabele on the way, killing about thirty of them.<br /><br />It was than that the first tragedy befall the settlers. After two months on his farm Mr. Webster went out to shoot lions with an<br /><br /><div style="text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-size:85%;">Page 34</span><br /><br />English missionary named Burgin. They were not successful and the lions avoided them. The missionary forgot to unload his gun on return and the next morning they both sat on the verandah cleaning their guns, when Burgin's gun went off and unfortunately shot Mr. Webster in the chest and heart. It appears that Mr. Webster was doomed to failure. When he attempted transport from Malala to Mount Silinda, the track he was obliged to cut was through a thick wooded area full of swamps and infested with tsetse fly. His next attempt at transport was to Beira, which was more disastrous, as he lost every ox he had. Eventually, after having to continue in Portuguese East Africa for some, time under adverse circumstances, Mrs. Webster was granted a farm in Melsetter, named 'The Meadows'. She was a fine and well respected woman, who walked many miles to attend and care for the sick, especially the Moodie family. She was eighty four when her first illness struck her, and she died in Mount Silinda Hospital.<br /><br />Members of this trek mere Johan Nicolaas and Catherine E.F. Moolman and their children, Jurie, Hendrik and Lettie; Johannes Hartkopff, who found conditions too trying and moved to Salisbury; Piet Lourens and Johannes Bezuidenhout who returned to the Transvaal; Joseph and Sarah Webster and their children John T, William G, Anna, Louisa, Mary and Alice; Johannes Bezuiddnhcut; John Ballantyne; Jakens and Lecorno.<br /><br />In 1894 the Samuel Gifford trek took place. It numbered thirty four people with ten wagons. Right from the beginning troubles started even before reaching the Rhodesian border. Most of their oxen died owing to bush ticks and so had to be replaced with donkeys and when the servants heard that the Matabele were on the war-path, they refused to go any further. However, it seems that the British South Africa Company come to their rescue and were able to supply, oxen. These oxen, evidently commandeered from the Matabele, were very acceptable and so the donkeys were replaced. There were additional delays as these oxen had to be trained. In the process this caused many headaches owing to breakages of chains, yokes and skeys.<br /><br />After reaching Fort Victoria the party followed the tracks of their predecessors, the Moodies and Webster's, and eventually arrived at the Moodie farm in September 1896, when they took a well-earned rest, which they justly deserved, as they had had a very gruelling time and some terrifying experiences.<br /><br /><div style="text-align: justify;"> Unlike the previous trekkers they were not entirely satisfied with their new environment. It may have been that the best farms had already been pegged. This group was obliged to go further afield and owing to this made a big error by pegging their farms in Portuguese territory. It was some years after this that they realised their mistake, and were very unhappy that they had to return to Manicaland. The farms they preferred were new occupied so they had to take what they could get. The following were members of this party:<br /></div><br />Alfred Samuel and Emma Geauz Gifford and their children Prudence, Mary, Edith Maud, Alice, Johann, Margaret Ann;Johann and Sarah Herbst and children Elizabeth, Johann, and Molly;<br />Clifford and Molly Connell and children; Daniel Nell, his wife and three children; T. van der Walt and two children; Frank Connel:<br /><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">Page 35</span><br /><br /><div style="text-align: justify;">E. Dorking; Emil and Katrina Grootwahl; Michael Herbst; Mr. Hulett; J. Pienaar; Angus Rubridgo; John Walker Scott; William Edward Scott; R, Sauer; S. Swanepoel and F. Webster.<br /></div><br />Again in 1894 a trek well worth recording as it was the largest agricultural one to enter Rhodesia, was conducted by Marthinus Jacobus Martin of Naudelust, Fouriesburg in the Orange Free State.<br /><br />Martin, when a Member of Parliament, was attracted by an advertisement which stated that three thousand morgen farms near Macequece were available and anyone interested was to contact the Administrator immediately. A much delayed reply stated that the Mozambique Company would undertake guides and carriers and people should be given every assistance when they arrived in Beira. The fact was emphasised that it was a beautiful piece of land north of Massi-Kessi, hilly country well supplied with water, and suitable for man and beast. A number of meetings were arranged with Mr. Martin and it was agreed that four men be selected to undertake the expedition. They were Marthinus J. Martin, Michel A. Heyns, Casper Badenhorst and Cornelius J. du Preez.<br /><br />On arrival at Beira the group were well received and according to arrangements, the Governor Machado supplied guides, and gave them permission to visit Gazaland. They travelled by the usual route taken by many settlers at that time to Rhodesia from Beira, by paddle-boat along the Pungwe to Fontesville, and from there by narrow gauge railway to Chimoyo and Macequece.<br /><br />Here they found most of the ground unsuitable and low-lying, and being afraid of malaria, moved on as far as a farm known as 'Clifton'. From here there was a magnificent view of undulating hills and.mountains, and the party became more enthusiastic. This was just what they were seeking. Some Africans informed them that there was a European settlement a few days journey onward so they decided to investigate.<br /><br />Across Buffelsnek and Lemonkop the party travelled, and at Cecilton they arranged to part company. Badenhorst and Heyns continued search for the Europeans but Martin and du Preez wanted, to see more of the country and travelled in an easterly direction towards Nyahoda river and the Chimanimani mountains. It was a great surprise to both couples when, after a short period, they stumbled across each other again! Then they were staggered after a further journey to find themselves at the Moodie's farm 'Waterfalls".<br /><br />You can imagine the great welcome they received, especially as Tom Moodie was a brother-in-law of Badenhorst, and a great friend of du Preez, Dunbar Moodie, being the representative of the British South Africa Company, seized this opportunity of taking the party round, showing them all he could. By the end of ten days' inspection members of this trek wore convinced that this was the country for them. Heyns went so far as to look at farms along the Busi river. The next meeting place was Wolwehoek (Rich lands) where the rest decided to apply for permission to settle along the range of mountains known as Chimanimani. This name was given to the gorge or peak and the range itself was known as Mawhengi, forming the boundary between Portuguese and British territory.<br /><br /><div style="text-align: justify;"> When Martin returned to the Free State he was still very enthusiastic, although the other three wished to delay operations for a while, as it was uncertain whether Gazaland was in Portuguese<br /></div><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">Page 36</span><br /><br />East Africa or Manicaland. Partly because of this Martin went to visit Rhodes, who was than in Kimberley. Rhodes was in full agreement with the proposal and welcomed the Afrikaans trekkers to Rhodesia, emphasising the fact that it was necessary for them to take their wives and children with them, as good family units produced a moral influence in any country. Rhodes promised that all the rights of the Afrikaans settlers, including their language, would be respected. There would be nothing to fear during his lifetime. Also, there would be no purchase price for farms, merely the usual quit-rent of one pound per one thousand acres, and it was hoped that they would be successful and strong supporters of the Eastern Border. Mr. Martin, being well satisfied, then resigned from Parliament.<br /><br />Ho was a staunch member of the Dutch Reformed Church, which was established in Rhodesia the following year, and has served the community so well in times of trouble and tribulation. The Afrikaarers being a devout people, always put their religion first and every year, if there was no church in the district, hold their Nachtmaal in some central position where all assembled to renew their homage to God and to thank him for all His gracious gifts and to seek His protection. This Nachtmaal as a rule lasted three or four days. It was primarily a time of prayer and thanksgiving, and afterwards renewal of old friendships and associations.<br /><br />Before making decisions Mr. Martin contacted the great preacher, Dr. Andrew Murray, who was very interested in the project and promised his every assistance.<br /><br />It was on the 19th April 1894 that the big trek started and one hundred and four members moved slowly out of Fouriesburg in new wagons. Included were four Zulus, six Hottentots (two women) and ten house servants, and other families joined them en route.<br /><br />On arrival at the Limpopo the crossing of this river took a week. Many adventures, too numerous to record here, took place on the way. For instance, Hardy got lost whilst out hunting and this caused a great commotion amongst the party. That night large flares were made and lamps hung on trees and shots fired, but without effect. The next morning many men went on horseback in search of him and arrived back late in the afternoon. Fortunately one party who came back late that night had found him utterly exhausted. He had given up all hope of ever seeing his friends again. However, having read about van der Riet's experiences Hardy was sensible enough to remain in one spot and sleep in a tree.<br /><br />Another sad incident took place. One of the children, about three years old, disappeared one day when the children were playing a little distance from the wagon. When they started to look for the child he was gone. For days a frantic search took place, but sadly with no result, only a small shoe being found. It was a tremendous wrench to the parents when they had to move without their child, However, in spite of all these frustrations and hardships, the trek had its lighter aspects which I shall deal with later.<br /><br />Jan Gysbert, who was very keen on joining the trek, died suddenly just before departure. The widow was determined to fill her husband's place so she and her whole family joined the party. One of her daughters, a very attractive young girl, caused a commotion amongst the young men in their efforts to gain her affections, and whenever an opportunity occurred they were seen at the wagon like bees round<br /><span style="font-size:85%;"><br />Page 37</span><br /><br />a honey pot. However, after some consideration the young woman fell in love with a fir., Heyns, much to the disappointment of the other ardent suitors. The engagement ended with a wedding ceremony under some large spreading trees and was conducted by the Rev. A.A. Louw, who afterwards started the Dutch Reformed' Church Mission Station at Morgenster, near Great Zimbabwe.<br /><br />When the party arrived at the Sabi river at the entry to Manicaland, they were surprised by its width, in some places over a thousand yards wide and in others almost a mile. As usual the travellers had great difficulty in crossing the river. Mr. Olwage thought he would be clover and put all his fowls in a bag on top of the wagon, to protect them from being submerged in the deep water, but when opening them up on reaching the other side, he found they had been suffocated. Another great loss was all the salt which was a most important factor in a new country, especially in preserving meat. There again, when the other side was reached the water had flooded the bed of the wagon, and the salt dissolved rapidly.<br /><br />Having crossed the Sabi river with only a few minor accidents, the party travelled more hopefully; they were now approaching the promised land and their future home. They travelled along Mount Rudd to Goke to the Tanganda river and the remarkable or notorious Three Span Burg, it's appropriate name being Jacob's Ladder,. Although the travellers had heard a great deal about this obstacle they had never taken it very seriously. Now they were confronted with this hazard.<br /><br />The mountain road was a short pull but- very steep and had been made by the first Noodle party in 1892. It was full of rocks and stones, and so many spans of oxen had to be hooked on to the wagon that by the time the first oxen were nearing the summit, the wagon was only a quarter of the way up!<br /><br />On the 14th October, 1894 the trek reached Buffelsnek where they stopped, as Martin's ambition was to establish a memorial to the honour of God who had so wonderfully guided and. helped them. This was the ideal spot, so they erected a memorial of stones as a sign of their thankfulness for their safe arrival on the border of the habitable land of Gazaland and for His faithful guidance and care of the trek, for "Truly the Lord had helped and taken care of us on this long, dangerous and exhausting journey", wrote Martin. Two days later, on the 16th October, the day was dedicated to Thanks-giving, The memorial was called Ebenezer, and the members of the party decided that once every fifty years as from 1899 they would gather on the same spot and celebrate the day to commemorate God's wonderful guidance and care which they had received. And so the trek which left the Free State in April arrived at their destination on the 14th October, a matter of seven months, a feat which can be accomplished today by car on macadamised roads in several days.<br /><br />However, after arriving at Waterfall Farm, the trekkers had to proceed to the farms they had chosen, surmounting large mountains, north of Sterkstroom and Lusita. There was a journey down the Lusitu Valley and up again to the farm 'Witkyk'. (Here, unfortunately, the trekkers lost one of their respected and God-fearing women, Mrs. Scholtz.) After spending many days discovering a way over the Lusitu Mountains, a police officer, Joe Nesbitt, made his appearance with a letter from Dunbar Moodie, stating that it was most necessary<br /><span style="font-size:85%;"><br />Page 38</span><br /><br />that all the men returned with their rifles and ammunition, because the Portuguese had sent an army to take over Gazaland. After, leaving a few elderly men to take charge of the women and children, the men took their departure. Eight days after this they were back again, hungry, tired and thirsty, drenched to the skin as the heavy rains were on. The whole affair had been a false alarm, much to their disgust. At last, three days after this, their goal was reached. On arrival they were full of praise for the leadership of Martinus Martin, and clubbed together, handing him a memorandum stating their appreciation for all that he had done for thorn, so ably assisting them to their future home in Gazaland.<br /><br />Following this we record the names of the Martin Trek:<br /><br />Martinus Jacobus and Rusina Elizabeth Martin and their son Johannes Lodewikus; Johannes Hendrik Christoffel and Roesa Huigh Kok and children Jocoba M, Johanna Cornelia, Gertruida, Rosina Elizabeth, Barbara, Johan Andries and Stephanie Deborah; George Frederick and Dirkie Elizabeth Heyns and children Engela J. Maria M, Johan A, Cornelius, George F and Dirkie Elizabeth; Abraham Daniel and Dirkie Jocoba Olwage and children Susanna Maria, Christian Dudfif, Joseph Daniel, Abraham Daniel.and Jasper; Petronella Susana du Preez (Widow) and children Petronella Susana, Mrs. Jan Gysbert, Rosina Elizabeth, Jean Charles Frederick, Hester Elizabeth, Anton Michael, Helyard Petrus, Johanna Christina and Cornelia; Rudolph and Martha van Rooyen (the'late Mrs. Hefer) and children Tommie and Miriam; Peter Edmund and Christina Steyn and children Johannes Peter, Edward and Jacoba; Jan Dirk and Rozena Elizabeth Heyns and children Jan Dirk, Rosina Elizabeth, Christina and Ignatius; Jan and Maria Scholtz and child Aletta; Jacob and Gertruida Herselman and children Frederick, Jan, Gertruida, Magdalena and Jacob; Salmon and Ann Scholtz and children Jan Botes, Anna Maria, Hendrik, Wynand Willem, Cathrina and Frederick Johannes; Petrus Stephanus and Luisa Francina Martin and children Johannes, Ludewekus, Pieter Stephanus, Marthinus Jacobus and Debora; Tobias and Mirian van. dor .Riot and children Edward.and Willem; Jan and Johanna vdin Zyl and children Johannes Willem, Pieter, Dawid, Johanna, Elizabeth arid Adrian; James Tilbury and Catherine Gesina English; Phillipus Brankin; Antonio Ferreira; Edward Hardy; Adriaan Hefer; John Andries Heyns;. Koos Marks; Pieter Rootenbach; Jan Roos; Louis Schutte;:Frederick Smith; Frederick van Eeden; Jobert van Heerden; Therenls van Schalkwyk; Joe Adendorf van Schalkwyk.<br /><br />Mr. Ernest du Plessis, who has been previously mentioned in the Moodie Trek, after pegging his farm 'Clearwater, harnessed his span of oxen and returned to the Free State determined to fetch his own trek. The result was that after giving a glowing account of what was taking place in Gazaland, he persuaded many families to return with him, and made the journey in about four months. After settling them all, he decided to go back once more and fetch his bride. A pole and dagga home, he reckoned, was not good enough for her, so it seems that he had built a house for her, the first to be constructed with burnt bricks.<br /><br />Mr. du Plessis returned on foot to Chimora and from there to Beira and by boat. He married Magdalena Maritz, daughter of Gerrit Maritz, descendant of the Great Trek leader. Pleased with himself and happily married, full of enthusiasm to get back to his beloved Gazaland, he led a third party safely back to his farm where his new house awaited his bride.<br /><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">Page 39</span><br /><br />Ernest du Plessis (1894):<br />Hendrik and Johanna du Plessis and children Gertruida, Christina,<br />Hendrik, Frans, Jan, Alette; Dirk du Plessis; Jan Human; Abraham Spies; Hans Talgaard.<br /><br />Members of the du Plessis Trek 1895:<br />Ernest and Magdalena du Plessis? Louw and Deborah Kleyn;<br />Diederik and Lenie Englebrecht and child Jan; Frikkie Stopforth with his wife and children; Hendrik Pikster with his wife and children; Andries Breytenbach.<br /><br />Ernest Kruger's was the second last Pioneer Trek to Gazaland. In the early days when the Mashonaland expedition left he started transport riding and made good money. The only incident recorded was when Mr. Longden, the Magistrate at Melsetter, tried to prevent him from delivering an order for drinks, to Bulawayo! He continued transport riding until 1895, and as competition then became too much for him, decided to move into Rhodesia. Ho joined Hendrik Bekker, who had been in the transport business since 1890. ' It is interesting to note that his wife accompanied him on one of his trips to Salisbury in 1890, and in 1891 his son Jan was born in Salisbury. This might well have been the first baby to be born in the capital. Mr. Bekker states that he got as much as seven pounds ten shillings per hundred pound weight for the goods he delivered, and at times there were as many as ninety wagons lined up in Salisbury. He lost most of his oxen in Salisbury through lung sickness, but as there was a big demand for timber all over Rhodesia at the time, he signed a contract to saw and deliver wood to the British South Africa Company at eighty pounds a week. He had a flourishing mill on the banks Of the Hunyani and Bekker also stated that many transport riders, having completed a good contract, sold their wagons and returned to .South Africa by coach. In this way Bekker managed to buy a wagon and team of oxen for two hundred pounds.<br /><br />Only two families joined him, and at Fort Victoria a Mr. Pretorius persuaded him to go to Gazaland. They joined parties and followed the Moodie Trek as far as Waterfalls. There they contacted the Commandant at Mazzorezi, who promised them one hundred farms if they brought settlers to occupy, them.<br /><br />The son-in-law of Pretorius, Lucas Laubacher, lost his way whilst out hunting only to be found fatally ill with malaria, and being carried on a zebra skin by Africans. The family returned to South Africa where Mr. Pretorius died, and Bekker failed to accomplish his great desire of persuading his hundred people to settle in Portuguese East Africa. However, Rhodes persuaded him that it would be more desirable if they went to Melsetter. Rhodes said many people in England and South Africa seemed to think that they would never be able to create a white man's country in. Rhodesia. He was anxious to show the world that this was not so, the possibilities in Rhodesia were great. Rhodes required men who knew something about farming to make a start in Gazaland, and prove that agriculture in itself would be a great asset to, the country. When Mr. Kruger pointed out to him that Gazaland was virtually cut off from other parts of Rhodesia, and that other areas such as south of Bulawayo were more favourable, and would develop rapidly, he assured them that whatever progress might take place in other areas he would see to it that the same privileges were granted to the Melsetter part of the country. Considering this, Ernest Kruger replied that he would change his<br /><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">Page 40</span><br /><br />course, but when he arrived in Gazaland Dunbar Moodie was suspicious, because at that time trouble was brewing between President Kruger and the British, and he had the same name. However,, after making the excuse that there were no farms available, he advised Kruger to return to the Transvaal. The party therefore decided, except Bezuidenhout and du Preez, to go to Massorezi, but before they were able to select farms, all except Bekker went down with malaria. On top of this rinderpest broke out, therefore their intentions to return to South Africa were delayed. Instead, the party struggled back to Melsetter and there Kruger again met Mr. Longden and because of the argument a year before about transporting liquor, Longden was not ready to help him, so he was unable to obtain a farm. Eventually Mr. Labuschagne allowed them to occupy his farm 'Avontuur', and because they had run out of ammunition,. clothing and food (after having had such a troubled existence) Mr. Labuschagne also gave them a pair of axon to get to the farm. The group was now down to bedrock and their only remaining ox they sold for about eighty pounds which was all they possessed. But a year or two later this party of settlers obtained their own farm where they remained and were satisfied.<br /><br />Mr. Bekker, having no money to start farming, accepted a contract to cut a road to Beira and all went well until one day he suddenly took ill, collapsed and died.<br /><br />This broke the spirit of this that Portuguese East Africa was not for them and returned to Melsetter. Here they were given hospitality by de Beer who asked them to remain on his farm 'Middelstroom'.<br /><br />The two treks wore the most unfortunate of all the pioneer efforts to Gazaland. One feels that they had earned fairer treatment. However, they proved themselves worthy of their race, The determination and courage of all those men and women should always, be remembered and revered in .the history of Manicaland.<br /><br />Members of the Kruger - Bekker Trek (1895) :<br /><br />Hennie and Christie Bekker and children Koot, Annie, Hendrick, Soon, Jozua, David Piet, Jan, Maria and Chrissie; Wynand and Durie Bezuidenhout and their children Wynand, Klasie, Hans, Barend, Jan, Cornelius, Johanna Anie and Dore; Fanie and Lea du Preez and children Salaman and Johanna,; Ernest Kruger with their children Petrus, Maria, Hans and Wynand; Willem and Nellie Smit and their children Nik, Gert, Soon, Lettie and Johanna.<br /><br />The third big Trek was conducted by Messrs. Henry and Steyn in 1895. After news that farms were available in Rhodesia for only thirty pounds each, a. committee was formed to proceed to Manicaland to inspect and report back on their findings. Several farmers were interested and prepared to venture, if satisfied. The committee consisted of John Henry and Johannes F. Steyn. After sailing to Beira in 1894 the party travelled the usual way by Pungwe river, then by train to the seventy five mile peg. After this they proceeded on foot, or made use of wagons as far as Chimoyo and the Ruwui river.The first night out the travellers lost themselves in the mist, and after wandering aimlessly for several days, stumbled on Mr. Cripps' farm near Umtali. He was able to give them further instructions on how to reach Moodie's farm, and also provided them with an African guide.<br /><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">Page 41</span><br /><br /><div style="text-align: justify;">Eventually after being fed by Africans at different kraals, the party arrived at Waterfalls - owned by Dunbar Moodie. He advised them to move to the extreme south.. They thought, however, thought it would be better to go north and get nearer to the proposed railway line.<br /></div><br />Henry and Steyn wished to settle past the Martin's area towards Umvumvumu valley. There they were granted farms on payment of thirty pounds a piece and were made responsible for the pegging of their boundaries for these properties.<br /><br />The party, being well satisfied, returned to the Free State to spread the good news and a trek was immediately organised. It seem that having profited by the experiences of previous trekkers, they decided to take with them such items as grass seed, fruit, seeds, tress and domestic animals, five thousand cattle and about seven hundred and fifty sheep etc., also clothing and food for six months, There were sixteen wagons and one hundred and four people concerned, divided into two sections led by Mr. Henry and nr. J.G. Steyn, the latter acting as general secretary.<br /><br />On their journey Thomas Ferreira, whilst out shooting, bagged Kudu and then lost himself. He relates how one evening he found the spot where he left the wagon. During the night he heard a shot. Someone had been sent out along the road to look for him. What a relief!<br /><br />After the horses, being stricken with horse sickness which killed most of them off, and lions having claimed a few of those that were left, the trek arrived at Fort Victoria, the supply depot for all those who travelled to and from South Africa. From there the party trekked on to the Sabi.<br /><br />Another incident occurred when Cornelius Marais wagon broke down. A few men offered to.stay behind and do repairs. Whilst they away collecting an axle from a deserted wagon skeleton, Marais tried to jack up the wagon. It toppled over and pinned him to the ground. He and his wife struggled to free his legs. He was very nearly dying in agony, when a native appeared and with his help release was effected.<br /><br />There were the usual difficulties when crossing the Sabi after passing the Ebenezer memorial of the Martin trek. These trekkers arrived at the Moodie settlement towards the end of October. After this a few of the settlers went on to peg their farms, and found that there was not sufficient land available for them all, so others went northward into an unknown uncharted area. Here the mountains were formidable. Two spans of oxen were required to ascend the steep gradients. On one occasion the chain attached to the wagon broke; the vehicle then ran back out of control and landed at the bottom, destroying all Mr. Hendrik Steyn's furniture! A similar mishap took place with Mr. Harm Coetzer's wagon later on, whilst travelling to Moodiesnek, on the road made by Mr. Moodie, to Umtali. After this, to safeguard wagons from breaking away whilst climbing steep gradients a big wooden block or pole was dragged along at the back of wagons.If by chance the wagon broke away and moved backwards, the wheels contacted the obstruction and immediately came to a halt. This method was frequently used whilst traversing Christmas Pass by wagon in the old days.<br /><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">Page 42</span><br /><br />Members of the Henry - Steyn Trek:<br /><br />John and Emily Henry and children Tom, Freddie, Christian, Lucas and Maria; Johannes and Annie Steyn and children Martha, Herculina, Johannes and Anna; Pieter and Engela Steyn and children Johannes and Annie; Hendrik and'Christina Steyn and child Aletta; Hendrik and Sannie Steyn and children Cornelius and Sannie; P. Willem and Cornelia Steyn'and children Antonie, Hendrik, Stephanus, Paul, Susanna, Anna, Cornelia, Johannes and Pieter; Christoffel and Aletta Steyn; Wentzel and Johanna Coetzer and children Johannes, Wentze, Johanna, Annie, Piet, Martha and Willem; Hara and Johanna Coetzer and children Hendrik, Susanna,.. Jan, Piet and Lettie; Thomas and Maria Ferreira and children Willem, Maria, Jan, Thomas, Catharine and Louis; Johannes and Annie Kloppers and, children Martha, Aletta, Annie, Christoffol, Willem and Johannes Schalk; Stephanus and Annie Lombard and children Annie, Stephanus and Barend; Cornelius and Catharina Marais and children Annie, Barend, Catharina and Stephina; Willem and Hessie Prinsloo and children Willemina, Hana and Willem Frelk; E. Coetzer; Ignatius dePreez; Jaap Hauptfleisch; Daniel van der Zandt.<br /><br />End of Chapter 6<br /><br /><span style="font-size:85%;"><span style="font-weight: bold;font-size:100%;" ><a href="http://memoriesofmanicaland.blogspot.com/2010/10/a1-index.html">Click Here To Return to Index</a></span><br /><br />Recompiled, by Eddy Norris, from a copy of the booklet made available by Neill Storey. Thanks Neill.<br /><br />The recompilation was done for no or intended financial gain but rather to record the memories of Rhodesia.<br /><br />The family of the author have given permission for ORAFs to load this booklet onto the Internet.<br />Thanks top the family and special thanks to Heather Curran.<br /><br />Thanks to<br />Paul Norris for the ISP sponsorship.<br />Paul Mroz for the image hosting sponsorship.<br />Robb Ellis for his assistance.<br /><br />Should you wish to contact Eddy Norris please mail him <a href="mailto:orafs11@gmail.com">orafs11@gmail.com</a></span><br /></div></div>Rhodesia Rememberedhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06644511584084003690noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2546971602804416656.post-83516605850976493442010-10-07T07:47:00.013+02:002010-10-21T13:40:44.575+02:005: SECOND UMTALI<span style="font-size:85%;">Page 21</span><br /><br />CHAPTER 5<br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">SECOND UMTALI</span><br /><br /><div style="text-align: justify;"> The early invaders of Manicaland, being of Zulu descent, used syllable 'UM' instead of the Manica 'MU, having no R's in their language, replacing the 'R' with an 'L'. Hence Mutare became Umtali.<br /></div><br /><div style="text-align: justify;"> When, after being disbanded, members of the Pioneer Column arrived in Manicaland, one and all were struck with its grandeur and beauty, and the vast possibilities and potential wealth of the country to which their wanderings had led them. They also realised the difficulties and hardships they would have to overcome.<br /></div><br /><div style="text-align: justify;"> It was evident during Cecil Rhodes' first visit into the Colony that a township in the lower part of the Umtali river valley was being built, the second site afterwards known as Old Umtali. The reason for shifting to Old Umtali was fairly obvious, as at the first site, Fort Hill, there was no room for expansion, and the mining claims were gradually encroaching on them. As a matter of fact one prospector had gone so far as to peg a claim right on the road in front of one of the settler's homes, and had started digging a shaft! The 1891 site was selected in a suitable area where there was ample undulating ground for expansion, situated only about half a mile from the Umtali river which was sufficient to supply all their water requirements. Another advantage was that the road track from Salisbury ran right through the site, which was most convenient. On either side of the road track was long grass obliterating views of the surroundings, and so it became the first scene of activity when wagons out spanned.<br /></div><br /><div style="text-align: justify;"> With ingenuity and perseverance these first inhabitants of Umtali started building, making use of any materials that came to hand. Their first objective was the police station, and next the Government building. The ground was cleared and the buildings of pole and mud were constructed by prisoners under the supervision of police guards. The police station was placed at the entrance to the proposed township along the Salisbury road, and the Government buildings were more central. A hospital was the next item on the agenda and that was placed near the police station in order to protect the women. For instance, soon after the nurses were settled in they gave a vivid picture of what took place: There had been a murder case at Maranke village, some forty miles away, and the Magistrate, Captain Heyman, went to investigate. At night, right before his eyes, a large lion bounded into the camp, seized a sleeping African and was off. For a moment there was dead silence, as the attack was stunning and unexpected. Then from the thicket around the camp came shattering screams as the victim was mauled. Immediately the Magistrate, followed by his men, rushed towards the screams, taking from the fire lighted logs and flaming torches of grass. They were suddenly confronted with the lion standing over its victim and savagely devouring him alive. Shots drove the lion away, but the man was badly damaged; he had been scalped and his arms torn apart. There was nothing they could do to save him.<br /></div><br /><div style="text-align: justify;"> As the town progressed and more building material was brought on their wagons from South Africa, the original primitive buildings disappeared and became modernised. Thus the new township gradually<br /></div><span style="font-size:85%;"><br />Page 22</span><br /><br /><div style="text-align: justify;">developed, three hundred stand were surveyed by either Mr. Pickett or Mr. Fairbridge, the first surveyors to arrive. A sale took place in July 1892 - forty four stands were sold for a total of one thousand three hundred and ninety six pounds, the highest price being fifty six pounds. By 1895 the town was beginning to thrive. The population had reached seventy five men, thirteen women and nine children. A Sanitary Board was formed, there were five hotels, a butchery, bakery, printing shop, banks, general stores, a church, school and a library containing five hundred books, in addition to the police station, hospital and Government buildings. This was no mean task for such a small community, considering there was no such thing as piped water in those, days. Water had to be transported from the Nygambo stream in a small home-made water cart on two wheels, drawn by either oxen or donkeys. It must have simplified life, not having to pay water rates The draught animals became so used to their trips, backwards and forwards each day, that in no time their journeys became automatic. Frequently you could see a cart loaded with empty paraffin tins, or an old rusty drum, making its way to the river without leader or driver, the latter sitting alongside the track with his pals, carrying on a long conversation.<br /></div><br /><div style="text-align: justify;"> Monday's washing was another busy scene and was the house servant's idea of heaven! They arrived at the river with baskets, paraffin tins and other receptacles filled with dirty washing. Then the fun began. Dawdling over their work, they laughed, gossiped and imitated their masters and mistresses. Floating downstream went the soap suds, whilst every rock was used for scrubbing clothes. Many women were nearly reduced to tears when their laundry was returned, their delicate lace and flimsy items battered to pieces. This was no concern to the servant - he was only there to wash the garments.<br /></div><br /><div style="text-align: justify;">Here was a small community striving to the best of its ability to establish itself, and build new homes in what appeared to be a promising country which Rhodes himself had sponsored. These rough and ready pioneers, full of enthusiasm and determination, were the founders of Manicaland.<br /></div><br /><div style="text-align: justify;"> Rhodes had promised them that the railway from Beira would eventually pass through their town, and had gone so far as to select a piece of ground for a railway station. This was an encouraging prospect for the future. The land that the townspeople were occupying would be valuable; farming and mining were bound to prosper, and when that great day arrived, everything would improve.<br /></div><br /><div style="text-align: justify;"> The Sanitary Board hold its first meeting in the Civil Commissioner's office in 1893. Present were Captain Heyman (Magistrate and Civil Commissioner) in the chair and Messrs. Harris, Lasarus, Hudson and Crawford. The Minute Books shows "Permission granted to Umtali Cricket Club to play in Main Street. Mr. Pelly was granted ammunition so as to fire a gun at one o'clock which would be accepted as local time. Mr. Highland to be appointed as caretaker of the magazine, and Messrs. Snodgrass and Abbott to be granted permission to work a lime deposit on the Commonage." It was also proposed that the streets be lighted, but the proposal was conveniently forgotten as paraffin, the only medium, was much too costly.<br /></div><br /><div style="text-align: justify;"> As time went on the little pioneer town prospered and all new arrivals received a royal type of welcome. Umtali, at that time, was a happy little community, closely united. There were well-built houses<br /></div><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">Page 23</span><br /><br /><div style="text-align: justify;">mingled with the earlier dwellings of wattle and daub, also iron buildings and anything that could be constructed in a hurry, irrespective of shape and size. The structures ranged from a hut to a fine looking-house. Early records state that the first hospital, a pole and dagga Structure, was pitifully equipped with five iron spoons, a couple of pots of meat extract and a packet of Maizena! With this Sisters Welby, Blennerhasset and Sleeman started their nursing careers in Manicaland. Beds were made from poles and laced with riems to support the grass mattresses. The pioneer efforts in this direction were adequate, and it was not long afterwards that other nurses came to the assistance of the first three who were praised for their unfailing sense of duty. They behaved with courage and devotion from the time they entered the country.<br /></div><br /><div style="text-align: justify;"> The second detachment of nurses included Miss Hewitt, (afterwards Mrs. Blatch) who took over as Matron and Miss Mary Susan Sanders who became the wife of Randolph Nesbitt, V.C. However, as previously mentioned, the hospital was near the police station, and as women ' were scarce, members of the police force found the hospital an attractive spot. One Christmas day was no exception, when a few police came to greet the nurses. They mentioned when they arrived that, although they wore not good boys, the sisters must trust them as they were there to help and protect them. If by chance any civilian just looked at the sisters, the force would stand by them and guard their interests. After a short while the admiring members of the police company drifted away. Later they returned with a rather large Christmas present - a cowl They asked the nurses if they would do them the great favour of accepting this surprising gift. Strange to say, the nurses were more than delighted as the hospital had to depend on tinned milk, and fresh cow's milk would be a blessing. The police retired gracefully with smiles at the enthusiasm with which their gift had been received. But to the nurses' chagrin, the irate owner of the cow swept down on thorn and, without a 'by your leave', dragged the animal from its leather strap and took her away. So the nurses' great hopes of fresh milk never materialised, and the police were not welcomed after this incident. The cow, during her brief sojourn with the nurses, had devoured their precious garments hanging on the line.<br /></div><br />The nurses deserve all praise as they worked night and day. Delirious malaria patients were brought in from miles around, and also blackwater and dysentery cases. Yet those overworked nurses, with little hospital equipment and sparse supplies, did all they could to prevent suffering. Many patients died, though not through lack of care. A new country in primitive surroundings takes its toll, and malaria claimed many victims.<br /><br />Before proceeding further let us consider the first small town in Manicaland and see what took place there.<br /><br /><div style="text-align: justify;"> The first newspaper on December 13th, 1893 was given the name the Umtali Advertiser. The history of Manicaland is recorded in its pages, now yellow with age. The first issue, duplicated from handwritten sheets, was published after the annihilation of Major. Allen en Wilson's patrol by the Matabele. The first proprietor was Mr. Matthew Henry, who died in Cape Town in 1934. He also conducted an auctioneering and commission agency, and a stationer's business. Less than a year later the first typed issue was published. The first book to be reviewed was "Adventures in Mashonaland" by sisters Blennerhasset and Sleeman. It seems there were difficulties on<br /></div><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">Page 24</span><br /><br /><div style="text-align: justify;">account of non-arrival of paper from Capo Town, also printing ink. In 1894 Mr. Henry sold the newspaper to Mr. Charles Hancock, a mining engineer, who in turn, three months later, sold it to Messrs. G.B. Mitchell & Company but he continued to edit the newspaper. After five months the paper changed hands once more, being handed over to an Umtali concern, The Rhodesian Printing and Publishing Company. The new owners changed the name to the Rhodesia Advertiser, and introduced hand-set type, giving Umtali its first printed newspaper, which has served Manicaland ever since.<br /></div><br /><div style="text-align: justify;"> Naturally, living in the midst of a strange new land there were many difficulties to contend with, such as transportation and communications. In fact, as time went on, these problems became so serious that an article appeared in the Umtali Advertiser on May 6th, 1894 which reads: "We Umtalians must be of a gullible nature, and while remaining so will most undoubtedly be left out in the cold. 'Faith' has been our motto, and we have always been too ready to believe in the many pie-crust promises made to us at various times. The lesson is complete and we have now learnt the worthlessness of such pledges, and we hope that Mr. Rhodes and his friends understand the gross immorality of constantly suggesting actions they have neither the intention nor the inclination' to fulfil. As to the future of Manicaland, the outlook is most certainly breakers ahead for it is quite obvious that entire depopulation must come". In fairness to. Mr. Rhodes, this pessimistic writer was rather impetuous. As time advanced Rhodes did in fact fulfil all his obligations.<br /></div><br /><div style="text-align: justify;"> At the time the outbreak of the devastating disease of rinderpest among cattle greatly hindered all his plans. From the first days of the town, Mr. Rhodes had promised that when the railway was constructed from Beira, it would pass through Umtali. Naturally, however, such a project would take considerable time and the small population was becoming alarmed.<br /></div><br /><div style="text-align: justify;"> Another complaint was about the lack of water to the township, and even in those days the supply was inadequate. The Town Sanitary Superintendent's statement was that plans were underway tu supply water in such abundance that soon the streets would become bogged. A letter in reply states that it was quite believable that such water would become available during the time of the heavy rains. On February 17th, 1894 there is a prophetic proposal which appears as an editorials "The Nygambo stream, which now supplies Umtali with water, is only sufficient for a few hundred people. When the inhabitants rise into thousands they will have to get the town supply from the Odzani". This has now taken place.<br /></div><br /><div style="text-align: justify;"> It seems that all responsibilities lay in the hands of Mr. Rhodes - for instance, even the scarcity of vegetables - as the market gardens in and around Umtali appeared to be inadequate. A letter to the press states: "We shall shortly be in the middle of the wet season, the period of fever in this country, for the cure of which vegetables must be a great help as they tend to cool the blood and hence reduce the temperature. Now that the procuring of these in any quantity is a practical impossibility some other source will have to be found. Perhaps Mr. Rhodes on his arrival here shortly may remedy these grievances."<br /></div><br />Mr. Palmer relates two interesting items, one regarding a raid by lions which kept the town in suspense for a week. It was not safe<br /><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">Page 25<br /></span><br /><div style="text-align: justify;">to walk about at night and the inhabitants were confined to their houses. The second story is of the time when Mr. Rhodes apologised to Mr. Palmer. The latter was in the police, and it was his duty to take a riding horse to Mr. Rhodes at six o'clock every morning if he was in residence in Umtali. One morning he arrived late, according to Mr. Rhodes' time, and Mr. Rhodes was very irritated. However, after his return from the ride he apologised, saying that he had not set his watch according to the Umtali time and was very sorry that he had not been more understanding!<br /></div><br /><div style="text-align: justify;"> Finally there is the story of a young nursing sister who came out from England to Umtali and soon became extremely popular, due perhaps to the great dearth of young women. She became engaged to a young man who promptly died of blackwater fever. A few months later her second engagement was announced. The poor young man died a month later. The third suitor to win her heart only lasted a few weeks when blackwater claimed him. Dust after the third venture the nurse attended a race meeting, and so delighted was she to see the horse she had backed come first that she kissed him. It died the following week. The fourth fiance was not go happy but consented to an early wedding. He immediately wrote to his friend, Somerville, seeking his support at the ceremony. As the young man expressed himself, "Being brought in contact with the fatal woman will surely be the death of me". Sure enough, he was in his grave before the wedding took place! The fifth attempt, however,-proved successful and the couple lived happily every after, producing six fine children.<br /></div><br /><div style="text-align: justify;"> Cecil Rhodes made frequent trips to Manicaland from Salisbury and studying past records one gets a glimpse of his behaviour. For instance on one occasion Jack Grimmer turned up in Salisbury with Dr. Craven from Umtali. (Dr. Craven was one of the first doctors in Manicaland, a well known character who afterwards practised in Umtali with Dr. Harper, Dr. Stewart and Dr. Jackson.) Evidently, on this occasion, Grimmer had taken a liberty and lent Dr. Craven one of Rhodes' horses. Rhodes was furious about this. Grimmer at the time was riding a large horse and Rhodes took an instant liking to it. "You gave away my horse I'll, take yours in return" was the great man's curt announcement as he prepared to mount. Grimmer begged him not to do so as the animal was hard in the mouth and took a great deal of handling. "I suppose you think I can't ride" was Rhodes' reply as he vaulted into the saddle. The horse immediately bolted off taking about six yards in each stride and Rhodes bounced about on his back. However, having gone some distance he managed to pull the horse up sufficiently to dismount. Letting go the reins he allowed the horse to go off at full gallop. Slowly he walked back to the others in a rage. On arrival he stood up to Grimmers "Confound your brute of a horse", he shouted. "I believe you tried to kill me" and he walked away. However, it seems that Grimmer was soon forgiven as Rhodes relied on his judgement in many matters.<br /></div><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">Page 26</span><br /><br /><div style="text-align: justify;">Miss Miles loved children. She was soon approached by parents and asked to open the school. She willingly accepted the task and summed up the situation by saying, "Everything was new and strange but everyone was filled with great hopes for the future", and so the original school in Manicaland came into being with six pupils.<br /><br />Last, but not least, is the home of Bishop Knight Bruce. As already stated he was responsible for persuading the first nurses to come to Manicaland. He was given a farm by Chief Umtassa and this became known as St. Augustine's Mission. The Bishop was an ailing man when he arrived, and was very disillusioned when brought into contact with the Africans. The Mashonas had lost most of their inheritance, having failed to stand up against the Matabele and Shangaans. In such conditions there was no hope of progress, they wore losing their strength through being so much under the influence of the witch doctors. Many of them believed that the pioneers would leave as others had done, when they had dug sufficient gold and diseases had reduced their numbers.<br /><br /><br />End of Chapter<br /><br /><span style="font-size:85%;"><span style="font-weight: bold;font-size:100%;" ><a href="http://memoriesofmanicaland.blogspot.com/2010/10/a1-index.html">Click Here To Return to Index</a></span><br /><br />Recompiled, by Eddy Norris, from a copy of the booklet made available by Neill Storey. Thanks Neill.<br /><br />The recompilation was done for no or intended financial gain but rather to record the memories of Rhodesia.<br /><br />The family of the author have given permission for ORAFs to load this booklet onto the Internet.<br />Thanks top the family and special thanks to Heather Curran.<br /><br />Thanks to<br />Paul Norris for the ISP sponsorship.<br />Paul Mroz for the image hosting sponsorship.<br />Robb Ellis for his assistance.<br /><br />Should you wish to contact Eddy Norris please mail him <a href="mailto:orafs11@gmail.com">orafs11@gmail.com</a></span><br /></div>Rhodesia Rememberedhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06644511584084003690noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2546971602804416656.post-79277094875794239332010-10-05T19:49:00.027+02:002010-10-21T13:41:15.308+02:004: RHODES TAKES HIS FIRST LOOK<span style="font-size:85%;">Page 9</span><br /><br />CHAPTER 4<br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">RHODES TAKES HIS FIRST LOOK</span><br /><br /><div style="text-align: justify;">Having dealt with the pre-pioneers very briefly, let us now turn to the events leading up to the occupation of Rhodesia, and later Manicaland.<br /></div><br /><div style="text-align: justify;">It was in 1838 when the pre-pioneers (as mentioned in the previous chapter) mere exploring the interior, which was known as Manica, that Lobengula, the usurper king of the Matabele, signed the Rudd concession granting them exclusive rights to the territory' mineral resources.<br /></div><br /><div style="text-align: justify;">Rudd, Thompson and Maguire were sent up expressly for this purpose. Owing to the dangerous situation the party encountered it became necessary for Dr. Jameson, who had Lobengula's confidence, to hasten to Bulawayo and use his extensive influence on behalf of the concession. With the incorporation of the British South Africa Company in the following year the modern history of Rhodesia may be said to have begun.<br /></div><br /><div style="text-align: justify;">Northern and Southern Rhodesia were known in 1886 as Northern and Southern Zambesia, and afterwards for a short period as Charterland. The title "Rhodesia" was given with Imperial sanction in 1895. The two provinces of Southern Rhodesia were known as Matabeleland and Mashonaland; Matabeleland after Matabele, an off short of the Zulus, who under Mzilikazi were driven across the Limpopo by the Boers in about 1837; Mashonaland, according to Selous, was a coined word intended as a genuine title for all tribes of South-east Africa not of Zulu blood.<br /></div><br /><div style="text-align: justify;">The whole of Zambesia was proclaimed a British sphere of influence on the 20th July, 1888. At this time Cecil Rhodes realized that the Portuguese, after previous failures to penetrate Central Africa, were now determined to enlarge their own possessions, therefore they had designs on what is now known as Manicaland. This, in its way, stimulated Cecil Rhodes great idea to secure as much of Africa as possible for Great Britain, and here was his opportunity.<br /></div><br /><div style="text-align: justify;">And so the Pioneer Corps left for the north on the 10th April, made up of one hundred and eighty men picked for their suitability for the task of founding a new colony. The Command was taken by Major (later Colonel) Johnson, and the company Commanders were Major Heany and Messrs Hoste and J. Roach, arriving at Fort Salisbury on the 12th September 1890..<br /></div><br /><div style="text-align: justify;">As the Rudd concession referred solely to mineral rights, the company secured a concession, obtained from Lobengula by Mr. Edward Lippert, which cave them the power to grant land titles. Other commissions were purchased by the company from various chiefs in Northern and Southern Rhodesia.<br /></div><br /><div style="text-align: justify;">Before the Pioneers reached Salisbury, the British Administrator (Mr. Colquhoun) accompanied by Selous, Harrison, Campbell and ten police, hurried to Umtassa's kraal to obtain mineral rights in his country.<br /></div><span style="font-size:85%;"><br />Page 10</span><br /><br /><div style="text-align: justify;">They were pleased and well satisfied when the chief granted the Chartered Company the mineral rights in his country.<br /></div><br /><div style="text-align: justify;">This naturally disturbed the Portuguese considerably, and was the cause of strain and tension between the two peoples. It is interesting to note that on the disbanding of the Pioneers in Salisbury Lieutenant Colonel Frank Johnson's contact with Rhodes expired. Rhodes had financed the Pioneer Column corps. Having completed his duties Johnson handed over his responsibilities to the British South African Company. So after his arrival in Salisbury he was once again a free man.<br /></div><br /><div style="text-align: justify;">It seems that in spite of his trials and troubles there was no satisfying him; there still remained that adventurous spirit. He was determined to explore a shorter route to the East Coast, as he considered the present entry from South Africa not at all accessible, much too long and costly. Therefore Johnson decided to explore for himself an alternative route to the coast.<br /></div><br /><div style="text-align: justify;">When Jameson heard of Johnson's exploits and that he was advertising for a young man to undertake the journey with him, Jameson decided to accompany him. Johnson refused but Jameson would not take "no" for on answer, much to Johnson's dissatisfaction as he required someone more experienced. Eventually they packed one of the' transport wagons with a boat which was evidently brought up by the pioneers, made up in four sections, thus enabling it to be carried when necessary. Added to this was all the equipment and stores for such an arduous journey. The wagon, drawn by oxen, was sent on ahead, accompanied by Morris, Human and Jack, a Zulu boy who could speak the Zulu language and the dialect spoken by Gungunyana's people. Johnson and Jameson followed on, travelling with seven horses, five days later.<br /></div><br /><div style="text-align: justify;">It seems they were the first couple of pioneers to reach Manicaland from Salisbury as they had to follow the spoor of their wagon preceding them. It took three days to reach the country around Marandellas, and here Johnson states that the natives had never previously seen either a white man or a horse, and seemed more interested in the latter than in them. The game was more plentiful than around Salisbury, but all Johnson managed to shoot was a half grown wild pig; their appetites were somewhat unsatisfied with short rations. They sat before a fire cutting off bits of pig and grilling them. Jameson's main grievance was that his digestion in no way equalled that of Johnson's! They had great difficulty in following the spoor of the wagon as it had been obliterated, which necessitated frequent halts to explore and to pick up the trail again.<br /></div><br /><div style="text-align: justify;">Jameson and Johnson rejoiced when they reached the mouth of the Penhalonga Valley and overtook their wagon near a small mining camp on the Bartissol, worked by Englishmen with a Portuguese Licence. These prospectors had come in from Chiloane Island up the Buzi River to Fort Massi-Kessi, and were surely the most surprised men in Africa when a bullock wagon suddenly turned up out of the blue! They had heard nothing of the occupation of the interior by the Charter Company. This episode indicates that there were no roads or tracks from Salisbury, and the mine in Penhalonga was quite isolated from the rest of the country. The miners knew nothing about the Pioneer Column's arrival.<br /></div><br /><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:85%;">Page 11</span><br /><br />There was no Fort Hill at that time, and Jameson and Johnson must have been the first Pioneers to arrive in that area from Salisbury.<br /><br />Morris and Human, in charge of the wagon, had spent several days trying to find a possible route for their vehicle to descend the steep mountain side. They had concluded that, without weeks of heavy work, it was impossible to got the wagon over the range. However,. Jameson and Johnson proceeded to Macequece, where they encountered a very suspicious Baron Rezende, the Governor. Reluctantly, he gave them permission to continue their journey, but stipulated that they travel at their own risk, and refused to give them any assistance whatever, on account of the occupation of the hinterland, south of the Zambezi, a region that for nearly eight hundred years Portugal herself had claimed.<br /><br />Having obtained permission to proceed, Johnson and Jameson returned to the mine, which was named after the Baron, and again contacted their mining friend, whose name Johnson did not record. But a year later the same man accompanied Jameson when he made his great journey down to Gungunyana's kraal. So it may have been either Dennis Doyle or Dunbar Moodie.<br /><br />The Manager of the mine sent his own boys to surrounding kraals and returned with thirty carriers. It required four boys to carry each section of the-boat on bamboo poles. The remaining carriers carried the masts, sails, Oars and the boxes containing a good supply of provisions. They parted regretfully with Human and Morris who wished to go with them, but it was not possible. So they in spanned and commenced their return journey to Salisbury. Johnson and Jameson eventually reached their destination, the sea, and when Johnson arrived there, in a bewildered way he remarked, "He did not know what to do with it". They had encountered great difficulties a journey which very nearly ended their lives. It was only by the mercy of God that they ever reached their goal.<br /><br />It was two months after the pioneers arrived that the situation between the Portuguese and the British became serious.<br /><br />A small force of police and pioneers, commanded by Major Patrick Forbes, was sent to Umtassa, as he required protection. A Portuguese force of about two hundred armed natives arrived on the scene led by a noted explorer, Colonel Palve D'Anrada and a Goanese named Gouveia, who ruled the province of Gorongosa. . Forbes, realising that his party was too small, had to bide his time, and so awaited reinforcements. . When these arrived he secretly and cautiously entered Umtassa's kraal, and took the Portuguese leaders by surprise, and to their amazement arrested them. Being encouraged by their success Forbes, with eight men, then proceeded to capture as much of the Portuguese country as possible. Without difficulty they took the fort of Massi-Kessi as well as the surrounding area, including several machine guns and the Portuguese Standard. After this they endeavoured to increase their gains by continuing as far as the coast, and were only one day's march from the port, when Colquhoun put a stop to their activities. He dispatched a trooper to recall them. Forbes was bitterly disappointed. It was just as well, as Forbes and his men were completely exhausted, their boots worn out and Forbes himself was suffering from malaria. Soon after this episode the Portuguese re-occupied Massi-Kessi fort.<br /><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">Page 12</span><br /><br /><div style="text-align: justify;">At about this time - 1891 - the Pioneer column was disbanded. According to Mr. Tulloch's statement, after being disbanded, he travelled to Umtassa's kraal, and happened to meet Major Forbes party on their way back from Massi-Kessi. Mr. Tulloch proceeded to the valley (Penhalonga) where sixty men had gathered, undecided whether to remain in Manicaland or not. However, after a week, all but eleven drifted back to Salisbury.<br /></div><br />After staking his claims, Mr. Tulloch heard that women were permitted to enter the colony. He returned to Salisbury to fetch his wife, and so it was that Mrs. Sandy Tulloch was one of the first women to arrive in Manicaland.<br /><br />Following this, thirty five police and fifteen volunteers from the Pioneer column arrived and took up a position under Captain (later Sir Melville) Heyman, on a hill overlooking the Fort. (This fort was at the junction of the Sambi and Umtara Rivers on a rise in what is now known as Penhalonga Valley.) One day, Captain Heyman saw some well dressed Portuguese officials arriving, which proved to be a deputation. Actually they were spying out the land. Captain Heyman immediately gave instructions to most of his men to hide themselves. On seeing only a few men about, the Portuguese officers ordered Captain Heyman to leave Manica, otherwise he would be driven out. When the Portuguese eventually attacked the position they received a very unpleasant surprise.<br /><br />It is worth noting that all the names of the fifteen volunteers are not recorded, but according to Mr. R.S. Fairbridge, who was present, the names were Tulloch, Palmer, Crawford, MacLachlan, Russell, Pike, Cripps, Maritz and others.<br /><br />After this episode Captain Heyman promptly marched on Massi-Kessi, from what was then known as the Charter Company Camp at Umtali, a distance of about eighteen miles, with forty five men, thirty seven of these being troopers, and the remainder volunteers. The gun-team had great difficulty in getting a seven pounder gun over the Pass, which is now known as Christmas Pass. They had not only to traverse Christmas Pass but had to drag the gun through swamps, reeds, scrub and heavy timbered country. This laborious task took three days. In the meantime Heyman's small force was on the way to Massi-Kessi, via Penhalonga Valley. However, eventually, after contacting the gun crew, they arrived at their destination. The police hurriedly made a trench about one foot deep and less than one hundred feet long, in the centre of which the seven pounder was placed with its barrel exposed high up above the six inch parapet. The Portuguese advanced at the double, in two columns, and could be plainly seen, as they wore white uniforms. "The effect was picturesque" wrote Mr. Tulloch. At six hundred yards the Portuguese deployed into a line and opened fire. The seven pounder retaliated whilst the police and Pioneers delayed their attack, waiting for the enemy to get within range, and then pounded them heavily with their Martini Henry's. A black smoke screen, caused by the black powdered cartridges used by the police and Pioneers, enveloped them, confusing them, but deflected the enemy's fire, the only advantage being that casualties on the Pioneer side were small.<br /><br />After rapid fire on both sides, all the ammunition was expended, and the Portuguese decided that, the inside of the stone wall of the fort was preferable to the exposed slopes, and took up their new position at the double, only the officers pluckily proceeded at a slow walk. Just as they topped the rise they<br /><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">Page 13</span><br /><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">emphasised their national politeness by doffing their helmets and bowing towards their opponents! The quantity of shells available for the seven pounder was twelve, and eleven had been fired, and as the rearguard of the enemy had disappeared into the fort, the gunner, named Finch, said to the Officer Commanding, "Let's see how the old geezer will behave with the last shell". Screwing up the elevation to its maximum he let fly. Light was fading so they could not see what happened, but it was that last shell that won Manicaland for the British Empire, for miraculously it fell plump right in the middle of the fort. Afterward they learned that the Portuguese army, demoralised, yelled, "They have got our range", and promptly took the path back to the sea. The next day, not knowing what was taking place, a patrol was sent out, and found the remains of the shell and the garrison of four hundred men, consisting mainly of native levies, they were unable to stand the strain, as many of them had been killed by the blast of that last shell. They evidently broke away and fled, leaving the fort cluttered with debris. The machine guns were left untouched. The luggage was strewn everywhere, leaving behind a good supply of medical equipment in their wake.<br /></div><br /><div style="text-align: justify;">Captain Heyman's gallant band of half starved policemen and volunteers was not capable of following on the attack, and as Mr. Fairbridge remarked, "In their state of complete exhaustion could not have pursued anything swifter than a tortoise!". One Captain and four troopers actually did start with the intention of achieving the impossible which was to capture Beira, the seat of Government, as well as two hundred miles of intervening territory. It was just as well the British Government had sent an envoy post haste to intercept them. Reluctantly they returned to help transport provisions back to Fort Umtali, where they were urgently needed. Umtassa provided carriers for a specific reason, half the loot eventually arrived at its destination; the guns were afterwards sent to Rhodes at Groote Schuur.' However, 'all's well that ends well. It seems that Dr. Jameson and his two companions, Mr. Dennis Doyle and a linguist, Mr. Dunbar Moodie, of whom we shall hear more in the future, walked all the way from Salisbury to Gazaland to interview Gungunyana, whose domain extended from the Limpopo to the Portuguese area, to obtain the Mineral Concessions.<br /><br />After a gruelling, eleven days,' when Jameson and his companions reached their destination, they found a Dr. Schultz, a missionary and an emissary of the Portuguese. They were determined to obtain all concessions for themselves and Dr. Schultz opposed their attempts. In view of this Dr, Jameson sent to Rhodes for advice. Rhodes asked Dr. Jameson to go to Gungunyana's kraal and see what could be done about it. Unfortunately all this took place during the rainy season which was a bad time to travel, and although Jameson was loath to undertake Rhodes' instruction he decided to carry on. Soon after starting Doyle went down with malaria and Jameson and Moodie had to help him along. Then Moodie contracted the same malady, and Jameson become very concerned when he, himself, went down with fever, Yet they were obliged to pursue their under- taking in a wild country, through dense forests and undergrowth which tore their clothing and sapped their strength. To add to these discomforts they lost their food supplies whilst crossing a flooded river. In spite of all this the men persevered and, after a hard struggle, reached Gungunyana's kraal two months after leaving Salisbury, a great credit to those determined men which should<br /><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">Page 14</span><br /><br /><div style="text-align: justify;"> never be forgotten, as they did not consider themselves but did everything possible to carry out their duties. The severe hard ships undermined Dr. Jameson's health and he never really recovered from this journey. However, he succeeded in winning Gungunyana's support for the British side and Gungunyana also offered Rhodes control over part of the seaboard, due to Dr. Jameson's influence. Hearing of the arrival of the British South Africa Company in Mashonaland and their subsequent chock on the Portuguese, Gungunyana expressed a wish to come under the protection of the British Government. Had this been adopted Rhodesia would not have been a land-locked country to-day.<br /><br />In 1889 Cecil Rhodes instructed Mr. Dennis Doyle, Mr. Will Longden and a trooper named Harrison to accompany them to visit Gungunyana and ascertain if the preliminary arrangements were satisfactory. Gungunyana had agreed to grant the Mineral Concession Rights to the Company in return for one thousand Martini Henry rifles and twenty thousand rounds of ammunition, plus an annual cash subsidy. It was also arranged that Mr. Dennis Doyle should take to England a special deputation of indunas to satisfy the British Government that the agreement was acceptable. In 1891, after a most adventurous trip with tho indunas to England, Messrs. Doyle and W.H. Longden, with a police trooper, escorted the indunas back to Gungunyana to finalise the agreement. It is well to note that very few Europeans had over visited the country and there were at that time neither missionaries nor hunters in Gazaland, as that area of the country was then unknown. A few Arabs came up the river to trade with the natives who populated the whole territory. They were rich in cattle and grain, but the Arabs preferred to barter for slaves, and did a good business in that line with the consent of the Portuguese authorities, whose territory they passed through. Doyle and Mr. Longden and the policeman arrived at the fringe of the King's kraal with two indunas, after a long and tedious journey. The kraal was named Manhlagazi (Power of Blood). Sending greetings and presents to the king at first nothing happened, but after a few days messengers arrived with presents and greetings. Eventually they were summoned and the white men were guided to the Indaba Tree where the king usually sat. Mr. Longden described him as a big, broad-shouldered man, sadly run to superfluous flesh, with sagging breasts and heavy stomach. Round his waist was a belt composed entirely, of leopards' tails. His features were Zulu, with shrewd eyes, his body dark bronze rather than black; he wore a wine coloured waistcoat with its inside lining outside and the pockets against his body. The first induna, Hulohule, was ordered to give an account of his journey. Both Doyle and Longden, being fluent in the Zulu language, were able to follow him in detail. He spoke at length of the strange experiences of the indunas in England:<br /><br />"The sea, for instance, was water - water, nothing but restless water from horizon to horizon. They travelled in a great ship and were afraid because there was no road in sight, and no place where they could tie up for the night. It was a terrifying' experience. At night the water became black all around, and above only stars could bo seen. When we arrived in England we saw nothing but houses, so many that they were touching each other. In some places no room for more, so they built on top of one another! We were taken up in the air in a basket in spanned to a vary large ball, which pulled us up and saw things with the eyes of a bird. The white man asked me to<br /><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">Page 15</span><br /><br /><div style="text-align: justify;">speak in a box that had a mouth, and I spoke and behold the mouth uttered the very words back to me in my own language. It was indeed "Umtagati" (bewitched)". (Doyle, who had seen the episode, remarked that when he heard his own language being repeated in Zulu the old chap nearly fainted.) A carriage with smooth rubber tyres that ran smoothly on flat stoned roads, and drawn by smartly groomed horses, astonished him. It was the climax of the whole colourful trip. After this Gungunyana remained in silence in a dignified way, hiding his feelings and then turned to Doyle, and with an air of finality ordered: "You must bring me a carriage like that", then turned to the other induna: "You speak". Planyon described everything in the same way. To everyone's amusement he lay on his back in the dust with his feet in the air and demonstrated a display given by acrobats. How a ladder was balanced on the acrobat's feet and men just climbed up and down like monkeys on a tree. Gungunyana was not impressed. His mind was evidently on the carriage he had ordered, and was going to ride in, in order to impress his subjects.<br /></div><br />One day a contingent of Portuguese arrived and wished to establish posts in Gungunyana's territory. Gungunyana felt he was in a strong position with the British South Africa Company, and therefore with the British Government. Afterward the Portuguese had long talks with the king, trying their best to impress Gungunyana they produced a Portuguese flag which they requested might be hoisted as a sign of a friendly gesture. Gungunyana listened politely without saying a word, watching them with his shrewd eyes, he replied: "I hear you are building stone wall forts. Now you come with soldiers and gold band decorations. Look at my friends the Ingles, they come as friends, they do not come as soldiers". He then stood up, a dignified figure in spite of his fleshiness, pointing to the Portuguese flag he said: "Take that flag and fly to your own country". Doyle took full advantage of the situation and carefully timed his requests to the now acquiescent king. For instance, one day the king wished to see the horses displayed, as horses were unknown in that part of the world, and his followers had never seen, such an animal. After the horses had shown off their paces, the king turned to one of his indunas: "Go get on the horse" he ordered. Not daring to refuse, the induna was hoisted on the horse's back, and sat there terrified, with the reins dangling on the horse's nock. With a smack from Doyle the horse trotted off, and the induna was bumped off. This caused great amusement to Gungunyana and the group of spectators. Then the royal glance fell on another induna: "Now, you get on the horse and show us what you can do". The result was the same and was repeated until the king had had enough. He took a great fancy to the horses and demanded that he be given them. Doyle consented, rather than upset him.<br /><br />Friendly though Gungunyana was to the Company's representatives and the British Government, whose protection he openly sought, he was not inclined to give consideration easily, or to speak of the reward he had received. After Doyle had been at the "Great Place" for a short while, he became seriously ill. Recurring bouts of fever brought on Blackwater, of which little was known in those days, and so it was necessary to get him back to the coast without delay. Doyle was laid on a stretcher and carried by relays of Africans on the long trek to Delagoa Bay. Longden and Harrison were obliged to walk, having no horses. With Doyle safely on board after a long, tiring, anxious journey, Longden managed to obtain another horse and return to Manhlagazi, in accordance with instructions from Rhodes.<br /><span style="font-size:85%;"><br />Page 16</span><br /><br />He was appointed a British South Africa Company's representative, and remained there eight long months all on his own, before being recalled.<br /><br />About a month or two after Johnson's and Jameson's return, some two hundred Charter Company police encamped at the old Fort near Penhalonga, and a number of the disbanded men of the column were settling down at the new site, which they called Umtali (Old).<br /><br />At that time malaria was rife and there were no hospitals in existence and conditions were appalling. Owing to the rich mines, Rezende and Penhalonga previously mentioned, prospectors were now very active in this part. They had pegged all along the Sambi and Umtara rivers right down the Divide, in what is now known as the Penhalonga Valley, up to the occupied part. One prospector had gone so far as to dig for gold in the street in front of the camp!<br /><br />The Camp Mess at the Fort seems to have witnessed some odd scenes, "What's your name?" enquired one of the police of a visitor, The rather terse reply was: "Damn", then the comment "I'm thirsty!" "That's not the way to behave here" was the retort. "Before I can serve you with a drink I must know your name". "Damn" the man repeated, adding a few more unholy adjectives, "No drink for you unless you conform to tho regulations" warned the indignant member of the force, "Damn" emphasised the now rattled prospector for the third time. The man, refusing to be insulted by an old disreputable prospector, tried to push him out, A fight ensued, "Hold on" cried a sergeant as he entered the room, "What's up?" "This fellow refuses to give his name and only curses, saying 'Damn'", "I know him. His name is George Damn, as a matter of fact". There was instant laughter and all was forgiven.<br /><br />Much to the surprise of the sparse population three nurses arrived unexpectedly. They were even more amazed when they were told that these women had walked one hundred and forty miles from M'Pandas Kraal on the Pungwe River, arriving at Sabi-Ophir Hill, Penhalonga on 1st July 1891. Their promised transport did not arrive. There is scarcely an account of the early days which does not mention these women with affection and admiration. They were nurses Blennerhasset, Sleeman and Welby. The arrangements to proceed to Rhodesia from South Africa had been made by Bishop Knight Bruce, who had accepted the charge of the missionary diocese of Mashonaland, The nurses only European companions had been two young Englishmen who were ignorant of the native language and absolutely new to the country. On the last stages of their journey the carriers deserted them, and one man was left behind to guard the luggage which was retrieved later). The nurses remarked: "It was a freak of chance that we ever arrived at all". Their last mountain climb was up the steep mountains bordering Manicaland. At this stage their sole diet was tea and bovril. One nurse arrived fatigued, worn out, with a temperature of 105 F. She collapsed at once. All they found when they moved on to Fort Hill was a hospital established by the Anglican Church - three dilapidated huts. . The huts had been repaired and enlarged for accommodating the sisters. To-day the same site has been declared a National Monument to those intrepid nurses. Near at hand can be seen a large fig tree growing from the original stump. Near this site the first indaba, between Umtassa, Colquhoun, Selous, Harrison, Campbell and ton police, as previously mentioned, took place, concerning the Mineral Rights at the time of the British occupation.<br /><span style="font-size:85%;"><br />Page 17</span><br /><br />An outstanding tribute to the three nurses and the first hospital is portrayed in the National Tapestry presented to the Nation by the Women's Institutes of Rhodesia.<br /><br />Rhodes himself, up to this stage, had not yet visited Mashonaland, as this district included Manicaland at the time. As a matter of act, he arrived shortly after the nurses made their entry.<br /><br />We have already heard a great deal in connection with our Founder, Rhodes. What kind of .man was he? Before going further, let us got a glimpse of his life in general and what better account could we have than from his old devoted friend and valet, Mr. John Norris, who assisted him in times of trouble and need for eight years? Mr. Norris declared: "that although he had often assisted Rhodes during this period, and helped him to bed at times, he never saw him worse for liquor". Mr. Norris disputed the woman-hater legend, and also said that there was never a hint of a quarrel between Rhodes and Jameson. Their friendship was unshakable, and although Rhodes criticised many men severely, Mr. Norris never heard him say a word against "Dr. Jim".<br /><br />What manner of man was Rhodes to work for? Well, there is a saying: 'No man is a hero to his valet'', but to Mr. Norris he was a hero. "Very considerate, if you. worked hard, but not otherwise. If Rhodes disliked anyone he was very unyielding, and it was useless to try and please him. At-times he was very irritable with everyone, but afterwards, made, up for it by added kindness. Speaking of Rhodes' friends, it is very had to give any impression of Rhodes and Jameson as they stood quite alone in their relationship to one another, and Rhodes often said "'Jameson is one, in a million'-. Rhodes was also loyal to Milner." Mr. Norris' reminiscences continued" I place the Prince of Wales first in his regard, Jameson second and Milner third. This loyalty existed until the last year of his life, and of which I had proof during his last visit to Rhodesia, when he spent three days with me at Inyanga and he was annoyed at the Cape elections. He dictated a telegram to me to send, saying he only insisted on them supporting Milner's policy. . Rhodes was not the man to hide his dislikes of any person to me. His likes and dislikes were more often than not extreme; if he really cared for anyone he always overlooked their faults. Thus it was very hard for him, after the Jameson raid, to find his lifelong friend throwing him over. He was so cynical over some that it preyed on his mind to the last."<br /><br />Mitchell says, "Rhodes liked being, stood up to. I saw Garrett once at the dinner table stand up and tell Rhodes that as long as he was editor of the Cape Times ho intended running it as he thought fit, not as Rhodes wished. Rhodes replied, 'I have no wish to run your paper, I only ask for fair play and the truth'. I believe Garrett wished he had never left his seat and felt worse than a child being spanked." "The question has been put to me hundreds of times, 'Norris, was Rhodes a drunkard?' I am fully qualified to answer this question and to say, No, not. in any sense of the word, for over a period of three months I had to account for all the liquor taken by him. If he was very excited in the evenings he smoked to excess, and suffered for it in the mornings. It was sometimes mistaken for liquor, but normally his smoking was like his drinking, very moderate, and<br /><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">Page 18</span><br /><br />irregular. I have often been told that Rhodes hated women. It always puzzles me how it, got about because to the women he knew he was kind and considerate, but to strangers he was inclined to be shy and reserved. Undoubtedly some women got on his nerves and worried him, but I can reply to that by saying, so did a lot of men. I can only say Rhodes was a normal man. Some ladies' company he was very fond of, and enjoyed, and the only reason he objected to having married men about him was that he considered a married man's place was with his wife in their home.<br /><br />As I left homo at twelve years of age and never slept at home again, my education was very limited. The pains Rhodes took over me were really incredible. In dictating letters and telegrams he had the patience of Job. After a time I was fairly proficient and could take down quite easily fifty words a minute, which no one could read but myself! Two telegrams I always remember taking down and sending off. One was to arrest Siqcase, the Pondo Chief. Before sending it off Rhodes said it was not constitutional, and that the Chief Justice would release him, which he did, and on my asking the reason, he replied 'It will save bloodshed' which it did. The other one was toJameson quoting St. Luke, about a King going to war, in connection with the Matabele murders at Victoria. Both these telegrams were sent after two or three hours of anxious thought. Rhodes come home on both occasions from sitting in Parliament and neither was sent until just on closing time at five o'clock. Michell says he laconically replied to Jameson to read Luke XIXI. 31f. I mention these two cases because, to my mind, they wore two of the most serious decisions he had to make during his life, and to both of which ho gave very serious thought, and no one except myself can record the true facts. His wire to Jameson also proves what a wonderful memory he possessed. On arriving home he asked if I had a Bible and on my saying I had at my home, he sent me to got it and told me to look up in St. Luke where it mentions about a king etc. This took me a considerable time to find, and on my finding it he memorised it word, for word. What was quite easy to me, spelling of simple words, was quite an effort for him, and he always had a very small dictionary to help him when necessary. For this reason very few errors were ever sent to anyone, but at figures he was a perfect marvel, and I cannot remember any occasion of his every taking a pencil and paper to work out any problem on rates, etc. He was a great admirer of Napoleon, and his instructions to me were to buy any book I saw for sale on Napoleon. Once he gave me two volumes on Napoleon to read, and after I had waded through them he asked me what I thought of this famous man. Without thinking I said, 'He seems to me to have been very fond of women and to have suffered with bellyache'. Rhodes, shaving at the time, let out a yell. I thought he had cut himself, but he only remarked that 'he was a wonderful man, but France was no bigger when he died'. He punished mo severely for my criticism of Napoleon. On a visit to Paris he made me accompany him to the Louvre, and stand for hours gazing at pictures Napoleon had taken from all over Europe. This happened not once, but every day for about a week. Rhodes was a much greater admirer of Napoleon than myself. Undoubtedly this was caused through my reading first Napoleon's 'Retreat from Moscow'."<br /><br />Just before Rhodes arrived in Manicaland for the first time Dr. Hans Sauer wished to join the Salisbury Column, which Jameson was preparing, and which was so unsuccessful. Instead, Jameson had<br /><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">Page 19</span><br /><br />asked him to go to Beira and escort Rhodes, who was then on his way from Cape Town, to Manicaland. He accepted the offer, and travelled down from Salisbury to Umtali. He described Umtali as "a pleasant little town growing up under the forests and mountains". Williams had preceded him in a cape cart lent to him by Charles Coghlan. Dr. Hans Sauer had an unusual experience on arrival in Umtali. While transferring himself and his luggage to the door, a long- mained lion appeared and leapt on one of the mules, breaking its neck, and dragging it away in the gathering darkness. At that time lions were so troublesome in Umtali that Colonel Heyman was obliged to parade up and down Main Street, firing a gun with blank charges, every few minutes from dusk till 8.00 p.m. After this everyone remained indoors.<br /><br />In Umtali Dr, Hans Sauer was hospitably received by George Seymour Fort, Dr. Hans Saure left Umtali and met Rhodes on the road between Beira and Massi-Kessi.<br /><br />Rhodes arid his party arrived an the boundary of what is now known as the Divide, where there is now a plaque denoting the exact spot where Rhodes entered and which reads:<br /><br />"CECIL JOHN RHODES ENTERED THIS COLONY AT THIS POINT ON THE 9TH OCTOBER, 1891 ON HIS FIRST JOURNEY THROUGH THE LAND WHICH NOW BEARS HIS NAME".<br /><br />When he arrived, after climbing the steep mountain side to an altitude of about 4,800 feet, he stood, on the boundary, and for the first time beheld the promised land. At the back of him lay Portuguese East Africa, and the valley, taking in Massi-Kessi fort, which he had traversed. But he was not interested in this - before him was Rhodesia, the focal land point nearest to his heart. Overlooking a lush valley with the Umtali River cascading over a rock and descending a distance of about two hundred feet below, he saw ahead of him the beginning of Rezende and Penhalonga mines, of which he had heard so much. It was a region which was thought to be rich in minerals, especially gold. Beyond, standing up on its own in a valley, is the hill known as Fort Hill, which the Pioneers and the police had occupied and fortified when first entering Manicaland.<br /><br />Mr. Rhodes came across the renowned cricketer, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monty_Bowden">Mr. M.P. Bowden</a> when trudging along the same track from Beira, with thirty carriers trailing after him. Bowden himself was in very poor condition, weak and spent with malaria. This was not the first time he had travelled to and from Beira on foot, having given up the idea of finding a rich gold mine. Like many others Mr. Bowden had taken to trading, and the only means of replenishing his stocks was to go to Beira himself, returning with carriers loaded with whatever he could obtain, to sell in his store. It necessitated a journey each time of hundreds of miles on foot in a land whore there were no roads, and where the lions and leopards were on the prowl, and the low lying country was often swampy and infested with malaria.<br /><br />After Mr. Rhodes and Mr. Bowden had met and become acquainted, it was evident Mr. Rhodes respected him for undertaking such a project and presented him with a bottle of whisky stating that "it might help him on his way!" It seems that Mr. D.C. de Watt, evidently in charge of commissariat, was rather displeased as it was the last bottle and rebuked Rhodes for his folly, "Well", was Rhodes1 reply, "poor follow, he certainly was feeling poorly and utterly fatigued, his colour testified to that. However, we still have some old inferior brandy left". This was typical of him, never<br /><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">Page 20</span><br /><br />considering himself and always supporting tho under dog with much needed assistance. He would go out of his way to help those in need. On one occasion ho complained to Mr. Hulley, after handing him his favourite collie dog before leaving Umtali, "I am a poor man, really" he said, "I have to do so much travelling, therefore I have no possessions of my own".<br /><br />When Bowden overtook Rhodes' party again the following day, Rhodes was very concerned when he saw him, and said "How will you ever reach Umtali?" Bowden just shrugged his shoulders. "Well, in that case" replied Rhodes, "I will give you a horse to help you on your way". Much to de Wett's annoyance Rhodes gave Bowden the pony which he himself had chosen to ride. It was through this generous offer that Bowden did reach (Old) Umtali. Later nurses Blennerhasset and Sleeman stated that Mr. Bowden was the first case they lost in their new hospital at Umtali. This statement has been somewhat repudiated by other writers. The National Roll of the Pioneer Corp B.S.A.P. Company states that Mr. Bowden died in Rhodesia, crushed by a wagon near Umtali, 1892.<br /><br />When Rhodes and his party arrived in Umtali they found Rhodes outfit ready and waiting for him, being supervised by the faithful Tony, Sir Charles Metcalfe and Lieutenant Sugan (Rhodes' Secretary) were also present. No time was lost in Umtali. Rhodes hustled every- body and seemed anxious to get clear of the town. The party travelled straight on, all of them mounted. Why Rhodes had to go onto another secluded camp after being in such a hurry to leave Umtali at that time was a mystery. It was learned afterwards that he was very worried about Jameson and his raid in South Africa and so was anxiously awaiting news of him. However, when a policeman delivered a letter to Rhodes he immediately left for Salisbury.<br /><br />End of Chapter<br /><br /><span style="font-size:85%;"><span style="font-weight: bold;font-size:100%;" ><a href="http://memoriesofmanicaland.blogspot.com/2010/10/a1-index.html">Click Here To Return to Index</a></span><br /><br />Recompiled, by Eddy Norris, from a copy of the booklet made available by Neill Storey. Thanks Neill.<br /><br />The recompilation was done for no or intended financial gain but rather to record the memories of Rhodesia.<br /><br />The family of the author have given permission for ORAFs to load this booklet onto the Internet.<br />Thanks top the family and special thanks to Heather Curran.<br /><br />Thanks to<br />Paul Norris for the ISP sponsorship.<br />Paul Mroz for the image hosting sponsorship.<br />Robb Ellis for his assistance.<br /><br />Should you wish to contact Eddy Norris please mail him <a href="mailto:orafs11@gmail.com">orafs11@gmail.com</a></span><table id="table1" width="64%" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tbody><tr><td align="justify"><br /></td> </tr> </tbody></table><br /><br /><table id="table1" width="64%" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tbody><tr> <td align="justify"><br /></td></tr></tbody></table><table id="table1" width="64%" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tbody><tr><td align="justify"><br /></td></tr></tbody></table><table style="width: 435px; height: 18px;" id="table1" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tbody><tr><td align="justify"><br /></td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div></div>Rhodesia Rememberedhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06644511584084003690noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2546971602804416656.post-34813454775323924952010-10-05T16:43:00.005+02:002010-10-21T13:41:43.398+02:003: ARRIVAL IN MANICALAND OF THE PRE-PIONEERSPage 6<br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">CHAPTER 3</span><br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">ARRIVAL IN MANICALAND OF THE PRE-PIONEERS</span><br /><br /><div style="text-align: justify;">It was when Gungunyana was still intent on one of his raids that Baron Rezende approached Mr. Magnus Jeffreys to lead an expedition into Manicaland in 1888.<br /></div><br /><div style="text-align: justify;">Jeffreys and chosen numbers of the expedition left Barberton for Delagoa Bay. Here he met Mr. Maritz, who asked him if he, and a few others could join his party, as he had also obtained a concession. Jeffreys had no objection to linking up with them. Bora (or Binguay) as it was then called was of little importance and was not a port of call. Therefore Jeffreys booked on s.s. Carland, steamer, for the island of Cheloane, situated about 55 miles south of Beira. From there he managed to obtain accommodation on a small tug for Beira. He spent one night on the tug, and I quote, "The little craft also carried a cargo of cockroaches and a fair amount of other undesirables".<br /></div><br /><div style="text-align: justify;">It was necessary as the heavy .rains were about to set in, that Jeffreys and his companions should make a start as soon as possible and Baron Rezende decided to accompany them into the interior. Native carriers had to be obtained to carry provisions which were made up in about 60 lb. parcels, but as Gungunyana was on one of his raids, carriers were therefore afraid to go into Manicaland.<br /></div><br /><div style="text-align: justify;">Their luck was in to a certain extent, because a small paddle boat built in Yarrow on the Thames arrived in Beira (Bera). It was consigned to the Corrpanhia de Mocambiquo for use on the river Pungwe - Busi.<br /></div><br /><div style="text-align: justify;">After three weeks completing their arrangements they took to the paddle boat with two lighters carrying their goods. The party consisted of Rezende, Jeffreys, Maritz, Harrington, Harris, Dr. Simoos, Luther, Westlane, Holderness, Deneys. Arnold and Lourenz.<br /></div><br /><div style="text-align: justify;">It was arranged that two hundred carriers would join them on reaching a specified island - Manangora.<br /></div><br /><div style="text-align: justify;">0n arrival, there was a delay as no carriers turned up. After two weeks the party struck camp and continued by the same paddle boat on its next journey to M'Tanda Chiqua. On arrival they found the surrounding country abounding in game and lions. Misfortune again struck as a runner arrived with a message that on account of Gungunyana*s marauding party into Manicaland it was advisable not to continue. The disappointment was great, but Rezende and Jeffreys decided to continue on alone. The rest of the party decided to remain near the village of Gorongoza (now a game reserve) to await the end of the rainy season, before receiving further instructions.<br /></div><br />Jeffreys and Rezende could only muster nine carriers, four of whom were personal servants and out of that number three of them deserted, being terrified of meeting Gungunyana's impi. Too often they passed kraals deserted by the Manicas, and temporarily occupied by the raiders, whilst-they were completing their acts of devastation.<br /><span style="font-size:85%;"><br /></span><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:85%;">Page 7</span><br /><br />Jeffreys and Rezende progressed as best they could to the old Macequece. The pace was slow, but at last they arrived at Revue. Their luck was in,, owing to the Portuguese having obtained a promise from Gungunyana that he would not interfere with Europeans. This was the reason they had not been molested. It is interesting to note that just before Jeffreys and Rezende entered Manicaland Umtassa withstood the raiders, who had demanded a levy of two hundred head of cattle. Umtassa, a wily old chief, had built his kraal on the steep mountain Chimbazi, which was practically impregnable. Added to this, the defenders had collected quantities of boulders, placed in position ready to roll down the steep slopes. This prevented attackers from scaling the hill. They had also sealed off, by barricading, any passages or likely entrances with heavy tree trunks and boulders. Umtassa was then an old man, almost blind, and had to live in a dark hut. A Portuguese flag was flying on the summit of the hill notifying that he was under the protection of the Portuguese.<br /><br />Jeffreys and Rezende were hampered by the heavy rains. Exploration was difficult owing to the very thick bush and long grass which covered this area. It seems they retired to the old fort of Macequece, (which was unoccupied) and took refuge there. This gave them the opportunity of investigating its past history. They discovered that in its early days it had been a main centre for marketing gold and slaves, before being dispatched to the port of Sofala. The fort had, unfortunately, been attacked by tribes from the south, the result being they got away with quantities of gold. Rezende and Jeffreys obtained a few of Umtassa1s men, and did a great deal of cleaning up inside the fort. Whilst removing the stones from one of the further bastions they came across nineteen human skulls which wore in a fair state of preservation, but crumbled away when exposed.<br /><br />The remains may have been either white men, Indians or Negroes. The furthest Rezende and Jeffreys explored was to Umtassa's, by way of the Revue and what is now known as the Divide and Penhalonga. The provisions which they had brought with them ran out, as raiders had cleared the country of all the crops and other sources of food, so that the men had to resort to mealie meal. After their months of hardship they were weary and weak with malaria, and would have succumbed to it had not a French Engineer arrived by canoe with quinine. When able to walk, the men proceeded to Mapanda where they found the engineer had left his steamer, and so were able to return to Beira. On arrival they arranged for carriers to travel to where they had previously left all their goods, and sent word to the remainder of the party to travel on to Macequece as soon as weather conditions permitted. As it happened they could not return again into the interior until July on account of floods. So the party arrived back at the Old Fort just before Mr. Maritz and the remainder of the party got there, several of them having developed malaria returned, and eventually left the country.<br /><br /><div style="text-align: justify;">Jeffreys, Harrington and Harris were soon out prospecting. It is a credit to them, for it was in October that the two mines were discovered in Manicaland. The one Rezende, and the other<br /></div><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">Page 8</span><br /><br />Penhalonga, the latter named after Count Penhalonga of Lisbon, and that area took its name from him. The success of Rezende is well known - it produced a good quota of gold for many years, but unfortunately little of those prosperous days remain.<br /><br />After having pegged the claims, Mr, Jeffreys returned to Barberton after leaving men to take care during his absence. His syndicate sent him to London, and he formed a syndicate in Paris to mark the Penhalonga mine. In 1891 Mr. Jeffreys returned once more to Manica, as it was then known, with another party of ten whites, after engaging a steamer to take them up the Pungwe from Beira. "This country was then flooded" he remarked "from the Zambezi to the Pungwe." Of the 1888 party only two men were still alive - Mr. Maritz and Mr. G. Arnold. Of the second party none remained.<br /><br />End of Chapter<br /><br /><span style="font-size:85%;"><span style="font-weight: bold;font-size:100%;" ><a href="http://memoriesofmanicaland.blogspot.com/2010/10/a1-index.html">Click Here To Return to Index</a></span><br /><br />Recompiled, by Eddy Norris, from a copy of the booklet made available by Neill Storey. Thanks Neill.<br /><br />The recompilation was done for no or intended financial gain but rather to record the memories of Rhodesia.<br /><br />The family of the author have given permission for ORAFs to load this booklet onto the Internet.<br />Thanks top the family and special thanks to Heather Curran.<br /><br />Thanks to<br />Paul Norris for the ISP sponsorship.<br />Paul Mroz for the image hosting sponsorship.<br />Robb Ellis for his assistance.<br /><br />Should you wish to contact Eddy Norris please mail him <a href="mailto:orafs11@gmail.com">orafs11@gmail.com</a></span><br /></div>Rhodesia Rememberedhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06644511584084003690noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2546971602804416656.post-89290393544144662572010-10-04T16:08:00.007+02:002010-10-21T13:42:07.235+02:002: AWAITING CIVILISATIONCHAPTER 2<br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">AWAITING CIVILISATION</span><br /><br /><div style="text-align: justify;">In the beginning the country was known as Manika. It was also referred to as "God's Own Country".<br /></div><br /><div style="text-align: justify;">No white man had seen it in its early stages. There were granite boulders piled up on the peaks of the ranges in an extraordinary manner. There were large' low-lying areas where forests were vast, the mighty Baobabs’ grew, and game of all descriptions fed, and tracks where the elephants had left broken down trees and branches in their wake. There were Mountain tops where the clouds rested, and caves where the lions and leopards had their young, and peaks where baboons took up their vantage points and warned their comrades below when danger approached.<br /></div><br /><div style="text-align: justify;">Birds, those free spirits, who from their high altitudes could see the whole landscape, witnessed the passing seasons. In certain localities they sew the Msasa in its glory flaming into colours of spring. Then the rains came, the lightning flashed and the thunder rolled, and the trees bowed their heads as the blasts of wind spread through their foliage. The rain poured down and the small, trickling streams and rivers became vast torrents overflowing their banks, and carrying trees in their wake, great branches and carcasses of drowned animals.<br /></div><br /><div style="text-align: justify;">Year after year this continued: centuries passed awaiting civilisation. Then generation after generation of people succeeded each other and took possession, and occupied this land, deposing their predecessors by either slaughtering or driving them away. Then came primitive people such as the Bushmen, who had no intention of herding cattle or raising crops, but depended entirely on a hand to mouth existence, shooting game with bows and arrows, and adopted the simple method of living in caves and decorating their abodes with paintings, leaving behind thorn a record of this period of time.<br /></div><br /><div style="text-align: justify;">Other relics of the" past which have not been accounted for are the Inyanga fortifications, and the, so called slave pits, the extensive miles and miles of terraces and water furrows, which compare favourably with those of to-day. Then came the seekers after gold who left behind ancient workings. These, according to Persian and Arabian records, dated as far back as 947 and 1060.A.D. Later exploration was carried out by the Portuguese who endeavoured to occupy the country, but the mortality rate from malaria and other diseases was so considerable that after a short period they left for the coast. There is evidence that over a hundred years ago some of these Portuguese explorers lived at Mount Darwin, and other places in which is now North Eastern Mashonaland.<br /></div><br /><div style="text-align: justify;">We are aware, according to reliable sources, that the Portuguese claimed that the land of Mon-0-Potapo was rich with gold, and again and again they penetrated into what is known as the remote interior regions of Africa.<br /></div><br /><div style="text-align: justify;">Despite their continued efforts the Portuguese met with little permanent success. It was not the El Dorado that experts led them to believe. They were either decimated by disease or massacred by savage tribes, and having made further attempts to colonise the<br /></div><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">Page 4</span><br /><br /><div style="text-align: justify;">interior, had to abandon their undertaking. Only a remnant was left, with Zimbo and Manica the furthest points of their restricted advance. It was only in the eighteenth century that the Portuguese again made attempts to .open up the interior. The first Portuguese pioneer to enter Manicaland was Antonio Fernandes, who discovered an island on the Sabi river, which should be named after him. The site he occupied is where the Hippo Mine old shafts remain. A large section here is enclosed by the river itself, thus making the island. From here, within 20 miles from the Manicaland boundary, the Sabi enters Mozambique territory.<br /></div><br /><div style="text-align: justify;">From 1667 until 1897 no further attempts at exploration were made.<br /></div><br /><div style="text-align: justify;">Livingstone, who entered the country in 1855, was the first white man to see and record his wonder at the Victoria Falls.<br /></div><br /><div style="text-align: justify;">It was during this period that he saw the horrors of slave trading. The Moslem countries increased their purchases, making large inroads into Central Africa, and Arab merchants penetrated into the interior for this reason. We have a clear indication because of flints found near the boundaries of Manicaland at Revue, where a dredger for gold was working. The flints wore proved genuine by the Cape Town Museum as having been used by the slave traders. They fitted a flintlock, which was lacking in this respect.<br /></div><br /><div style="text-align: justify;">The slave routes are still in existence as they are' lined by Mango trees, the unfortunate slaves having partaken of the fruits, scattering the seeds as they went. The route evidently passed through Manicaland in the lowveld to the northern part of Inyanga. It is interesting to know that Portuguese half-castes, and even African tribes, participated in this traffic. Slaves were usually secured by a slave stock. This consisted of a heavy forked stick secured around the neck of the slave and locked in position by a long pin. Slave traders often left behind them discards who were too weak to travel, and these were probably devoured by wild animals<br /></div><br /><div style="text-align: justify;">A year before Livingstone’s death, in 1872 came Selous, the great hunter and naturalist. He visited Manicaland on several occasions and evidence of his visit to Mount Dombo half way between Rusape and Inyanga was discovered in the following way - a document written in ink. "On the 12th and 14th .of February, 1891 this hill was ascended by F.C. Selous and W.L. Armstrong. Name of Hill, Dombo, Height, 6,700 feet." The record in Selous' own handwriting was found in a small rusty container.<br /></div><br /><div style="text-align: justify;">We hear much about raids in those early days in this part of the country, the chief offenders being Gungunyana and afterwards Lobengula. They were not indigenous, but off-shoots of the Zulu tribes who entered from beyond the Limpopo and took possession by routing the local tribes. After establishing themselves they frequently sent marauding parties into adjoining territories, including what was then known as Manicaland, killing indiscriminately, seizing cattle, burning down huts, destroying crops, and carrying off men and women of good physique who would be of use to them. The molested and terror-stricken tribes fled, and took to the granite hills and fortified themselves, making use of caves whenever possible to store their grain in mud bins away and out of sight of the savage intruders.<br /></div><br /><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:85%;">Page 5</span><br /><br />So it was when the first white men arrived they found a very sparse remnant, their numbers greatly depleted and steeped in witchcraft, hiding themselves, terrified of newcomers who might treat them as Lobengula's savage hordes had done.<br /><br />End of Chapter<br /><br /><span style="font-size:85%;"><span style="font-weight: bold;font-size:100%;" ><a href="http://memoriesofmanicaland.blogspot.com/2010/10/a1-index.html">Click Here To Return to Index</a></span><br /><br />Recompiled, by Eddy Norris, from a copy of the booklet made available by Neill Storey. Thanks Neill.<br /><br />The recompilation was done for no or intended financial gain but rather to record the memories of Rhodesia.<br /><br />The family of the author have given permission for ORAFs to load this booklet onto the Internet.<br />Thanks top the family and special thanks to Heather Curran.<br /><br />Thanks to<br />Paul Norris for the ISP sponsorship.<br />Paul Mroz for the image hosting sponsorship.<br />Robb Ellis for his assistance.<br /><br />Should you wish to contact Eddy Norris please mail him <a href="mailto:orafs11@gmail.com">orafs11@gmail.com</a></span><br /></div>Rhodesia Rememberedhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06644511584084003690noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2546971602804416656.post-48321539718183594222010-10-04T15:32:00.010+02:002010-10-21T13:42:31.674+02:001: THE NAME AND THE LANDCHAPTER 1<br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">THE NAME AND THE LAND</span><br /><br /><div style="text-align: justify;">The original native name of this particular area is MANIKA, and an abbreviation of IN-YA-KWA-NIKE meaning literally "The place of giving" or the old classic "Cornucopia", or horn of plenty. In the opinion of many, the description aptly describes the character of the region.<br /></div><br /><div style="text-align: justify;">From the investigations of many writers, some ancient, (according to B.S. Trail Fairbridge), we now know that the Gold of Ophir meant the "Gold of Africa" and that of the many parts of Africa from which the gold was shipped, Sofala (near Beira) was one of the most important.<br /></div><br /><div style="text-align: justify;">In fact the name "Ophir" naturally became "Sofala" by the usual evolvement of language, this "Ophir-Sophis-Sofira-Sofala", and as corroborative evidence we have the two rivers still producing gold on either side of Sofala, the Sabi and the Pungwe, both rising in the gold belt of Planika in the Umtali District. Sabi:- Saba-Sheba, and it was the Queen of Sheba (Sabi) who brought the gold to Solomon. Moreover, she brought it from the Land of Punt, which is the same as Puntwi" or "Pungwe". Further we have the direct internal evidence of our present name of Umtali, Umtali literally meaning "the river of gold , whilst the name of the old native Queen In-Ya-Kwa-Nike who lived on her conical hill at Penhalonga literally means "The place of giving".<br /></div><br /><div style="text-align: justify;">Before proceeding further take a bird's eye view of the terrain called Manicaland which we are about to cover, from North to South.<br /></div><br /><div style="text-align: justify;">Migrating birds on reaching the borders of Rhodesia look down on a large channel of glittering mater making its way towards the Indian Ocean - the Zambezi, which has played a large part in the history of our Country. South of this is the northern area of Manicaland known as Inyanga North, the old' gold mining area. Here the Africans used to dive into deep rivers, bringing up the sand which they panned for gold. The grains of the precious metal, after being placed in quills, were carried in holes through the lobes' of their ears, and sold to the Portuguese. Birds, when passing over this lowveld area, where enormous baobab trees, kaffir oranges, monkey apples, and other tropical vegetation, must have seen elephants, buffaloes, kudus, zebra, lions, leopards and every other kind of game in large numbers.<br /></div><br /><div style="text-align: justify;">From there they would pass over the Inyanga Mountains from the lowveld with an altitude of just over 1,000 feet rising to 3,000, 4,000, 6,000 and finally 7,000 feet up to Mount Inyangani,8,517 feet above sea level. Inyanga district is approximately 2,500 square miles in area. It is bounded on the east by Mozambique and north-west by the Makoni Tribal Trust Land. To the south of it is the Umtali district. As the central part is very mountainous, it contains the sources of many rivers flowing south-east and north, the most important being the Odzi, tributary of the Sabi.<br /></div><br /><span style="font-weight: bold;font-size:85%;" >End of Page 1 </span><br /><br /><div style="text-align: justify;">In the early days game was plentiful and the rivers flowing towards the Zambezi were full of fish. Here in the heights of Inyanga the spirits of the ancients have left their mark. When viewing the rivers, old forts and pits, one is conscious of an eerie atmosphere. If we follow the birds travelling south the altitude drops, and outcrops of granite hills appear here and there. There are plains and valleys with ample steams which account for the vegetation. Now and again mountain ranges appear, and below is seen the Umtali river cascading down the mountain side. Here is the village of Penhalonga and lower, Fort Hill, which the Pioneers occupied when they first entered Manicaland. North of this is the Divide where Cecil Rhodes, crossed the border and first entered the colony. A few miles to the south is -the renowned Christmas Pass which was an obstacle to be overcome by the old transport drivers.<br /></div><br /><div style="text-align: justify;">Just over the pass, ringed by mountains, was once a large plain where one or two rough improvised farm dwelling houses dotted the veld. Muddy tracks or paths crossed the area. This is known as the Eastern Gateway to Rhodesia, where now the City of Umtali stands, almost on the borders of Mozambique. A short distance away is the scenic Vumba Mountain Range, originally known as Bvomba where chiefs were crowned and ancient rain forests, according to the local inhabitants, were inhabited by rain gods. Here elephants once made clearings through dense forests. Beyond the Vumba is another range known as the Rhodesian Himalayas, mountains which again fringe the Rhodesian Border, and actually are an extension of the Chimanimani mountains. From Umtali the birds we are following again fly over the lowveld from Umtali 3,552 feet down to approximately' 1,600 feet through baobab and mopani country until we come to the Melsetter district which is bounded on the east by Mozambique and to the north, west and south-west by the districts of Charter,. Bikita and Ndanga, from which it is divided by the Sabi River. The area is about 3,133 square miles. The district consists of a series of broken plateaux or altitudes. Not far from each other lie the villages of Melsetter and Chipinga. The land falls to the west and South, and the Chimanimani Mountains form part of the Mozambique boundary, and are known as the Manica Mountains, rising to 8,000 feet. Their stately heights are overwhelming, and the birds sing their praises to the<br /></div>Creator.<br /><br /><div style="text-align: justify;">From here we speed on to an area of great granite hills. We pass Hot Springs and on to the Sabi where a bridge has been named after Sir Henry Birchenough - a silvery, arched structure which carries the road across the river and links up with the south. To the Africans the Sabi was known as the river that flowed both ways. The simple reason being that the sand-banks on each side were so steep, and the .country where it flows so level, that when in spate, owing to heavy rains, it often spilled over its banks and ran back as far as it could from whence it came. Further south is the Mukoriro range where the Moodie Pass is situated, and we will hear more about this in future. We pass the Mount Selinda where magnificent trees grow, some of them reaching a freight of 160 feet and 20 feet in circumference.<br /></div><br /><div style="text-align: justify;">Continuing from here, still travelling south, we reach the' . last part of our journey down the Sabi on the boundary of Manicaland, where the Lundi River and the Sabi meet and leave us as they pass our borders into Mozambique. All that remains of Manicaland are vast areas of African Trust Lands known as Makoni, Maranki and Sabi.<br /><br /><a href="http://s193.photobucket.com/albums/z273/orafs/Rhodesian%20Heritage/Manicaland%20Memories/?action=view&current=Map.jpg" target="_blank"><img src="http://i193.photobucket.com/albums/z273/orafs/Rhodesian%20Heritage/Manicaland%20Memories/Map.jpg" alt="Photo 4" border="0" /></a><br /></div><br />End of Chapter<br /><br /><span style="font-size:85%;"><span style="font-weight: bold;font-size:100%;" ><a href="http://memoriesofmanicaland.blogspot.com/2010/10/a1-index.html">Click Here To Return to Index</a></span><br /><br />Recompiled, by Eddy Norris, from a copy of the booklet made available by Neill Storey. Thanks Neill.<br /><br />The recompilation was done for no or intended financial gain but rather to record the memories of Rhodesia.<br /><br />The family of the author have given permission for ORAFs to load this booklet onto the Internet.<br />Thanks top the family and special thanks to Heather Curran.<br /><br />Thanks to<br />Paul Norris for the ISP sponsorship.<br />Paul Mroz for the image hosting sponsorship.<br />Robb Ellis for his assistance.<br /><br />Should you wish to contact Eddy Norris please mail him <a href="mailto:orafs11@gmail.com">orafs11@gmail.com</a></span><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="mailto:orafs11@gmail.com"></a></span>Rhodesia Rememberedhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06644511584084003690noreply@blogger.com0